Is gamma-Nonalactone safe in cosmetics?
gamma-Nonalactone has a safety rating of "EXCELLENT" in our database. EU status: permitted. US status: permitted. 1 toxicological study endpoint(s) are available in our database.
gamma-Nonalactone
Also known as: gamma-Nonanoic lactone, Dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone, Aldehyde C-18, gamma-Amyl-gamma-butyrolactone, delta-n-Amylbutyrolactone (+15 more)
INCI: GAMMA-NONALACTONE
gamma-Nonalactone (CAS 104-61-0) is a cosmetic cosmetic ingredient functioning as Fragrance / masking agent. NOAEL 62.8 mg/kg bw/day (cross-referenced against ToxValDB ECHA IUCLID); EU Regulation 1223/2009 status: permitted. Industrial safety data is also available in the chemical safety database. Same-CAS public records also appear in industrial chemical safety, pharmaceutical, and food safety data.
View industrial chemical safety profile for CAS 104-61-0 →
Auto-generated CPSR Part A draft with source citations
Function
Fragrance / masking agent
Safety Rating
EXCELLENT
Chemistry & Identifiers
IUPAC Name
5-pentyloxolan-2-one
InChIKey
OALYTRUKMRCXNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Regulatory Status
EU EU Status
permitted
US US Status
permitted
US Notes
Permitted — FEMA GRAS; no 21 CFR restriction
For full compliance data across multiple jurisdictions, use the Substance Compliance tool.
Safety Data
Margin of Safety, dermal absorption, and sensitization profile summaries for gamma-Nonalactone.
Calculate MoS for your specific formulation with the MoS Calculator.
Toxicological Studies
1 study endpoint found for gamma-Nonalactone. NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) values are used to calculate the Margin of Safety per SCCS methodology.
| Endpoint | Value | Route | Species | Study Type | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOAEL | 61.4 mg/kg bw/day | oral | rat | Subchronic | COSMOS_DB |
Pre-Calculated Safety Assessment
Pre-calculated NOAEL → SED → MoS audit trail for gamma-Nonalactone across SCCS product categories, with measured dermal absorption where available.
HRIPT Human Patch Test Studies
1 human repeat insult patch test aggregated from dermatological literature.
| Test Type | N | Sensitized | Dose µg/cm² | NESIL µg/cm² | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HMT | - | 0 | 6480 | - | - |
ECHA REACH Registration
European Chemicals Agency REACH dossier and Substances of Very High Concern listing.
Registration Type
Full
Tonnage Band
1,000 - 10,000 tonnes
Substance Type
SUBSTANCE
SVHC Candidate
No
Additional Ingredient Properties
1 property record from structured ingredient metadata.
fragrance_ifra
{"cas_number": "104-61-0", "ifra_amendment_number": "49", "ifra_restriction_type": "Restricted", "ifra_max_use_level_category_1_pct": "0.14", "ifra_max_use_level_category_4_pct": "2.2", "ifra_max_use_level_category_7_pct": "0.32", "ifra_max_use_level_category_11_pct": "0.065", "eu_allergen_declaration_required": "No", "eu_26_allergens_list": "No", "sccs_opinion_available": "Yes", "sensitization_po…
PubChem Annotations
Safety and regulatory annotations from PubChem (NCBI) aggregated sources.
Safety (1)
Skin Eye Respiratory Irritation
A skin irritiant.
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Regulatory (2)
JECFA Number
229
Source: Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA)
JECFA Evaluation
gamma-NONALACTONE | 1997 | 0-1.25 mg/kg bw (1967) | No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent. The 1967 ADI of 0-1.25 mg/kg bw was maintained at the forty-ninth meeting (1997). | TRS 884-JECFA 49/42 | FAS 40-JECFA 49/231
Source: Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA)
Function Categories & List Membership
Cosmetic/Chemical Function Categories
Deodorizer
Flavouring and nutrient
Fragrance
Softener and conditioner
Solvent
Regulatory List Membership (4)
IFRA Fragrance Transparency List
EPA Safer Chemical Ingredients List (SCIL)
FDA Substances Added to Food (EAFUS)
Consumer Product Chemical
Expert Verdict
Expert safety assessment and concern-level summary for gamma-Nonalactone.
Regulatory Flags
fragrance-component
epa_safer_alternative
ifra_fragrance
fda_food_additive
NOAEL Studies Summary
View details ->Public NOAEL study rows linked to gamma-Nonalactone by CAS number or substance name.
Studies
1
Lowest NOAEL
61.4 mg/kg bw/day
Highest NOAEL
61.4 mg/kg bw/day
COSMOS_DB
Known Synonyms
gamma-Nonanoic lactone
Dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone
Aldehyde C-18
gamma-Amyl-gamma-butyrolactone
delta-n-Amylbutyrolactone
gamma-N-Amylbutyrolactone
4-Amyl-4-hydroxybutyric acid lactone
Coconut aldehyde
EINECS 203-219-1
FEMA No. 2781
FEMA Number 2781
4-Hydroxynonanoic acid, gamma-lactone
4-Nonalactone
1,4-Nonalolide
Nonanoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, gamma-lactone
gamma-Nonanolide
1,4-Nonyl lactone
gamma-Nonylactone
gamma-Nonyllactone
gamma-Pelargolactone
Chemical Function
Fragrance
Deodorizer
Softener and conditioner
Solvent
Flavouring and nutrient
Regulatory Lists
active_ingredient; Pesticides
active_ingredient; Pesticides
active_ingredient; Pesticides
active_ingredient; Pesticides
active_ingredient; Pesticides
active_ingredient; Pesticides
active_ingredient; Pesticides
active_ingredient; Pesticides
active_ingredient; Pesticides
active_ingredient; Pesticides
active_ingredient; Pesticides
active_ingredient; Pesticides
active_ingredient; Pesticides
active_ingredient; Pesticides
active_ingredient; Pesticides
active_ingredient; Pesticides
active_ingredient; Pesticides
active_ingredient; Pesticides
Australian Status
AICIS status: listed
Cross-Vertical Safety Context
Same-CAS public records found in pharmaceutical and food safety data.
SOURCE
ChEMBL / DrugCentral / FAERS
DB_PHARMA CAS match
Pharmaceutical Data
Same-CAS rows from the pharmaceutical spoke database.
ChEMBL ID
CHEMBL191935
SOURCE
EFSA / FDA GRAS
food_additives
Food Safety Data
Same-CAS food additive or FDA GRAS records from the core public database.
Food Name
GAMMA-NONALACTONE
ADI
0-1.25 mg/kg bw (1967) mg/kg bw
Food Category
flavoring
Frequently Asked Questions
Is gamma-Nonalactone allowed in the EU?
gamma-Nonalactone EU regulatory status: permitted. This is based on EU Regulation 1223/2009 and its amendments.
What does gamma-Nonalactone do in cosmetics?
gamma-Nonalactone functions as: Fragrance / masking agent. It is classified as a cosmetic ingredient in our database. CAS number: 104-61-0.
What is the NOAEL for gamma-Nonalactone?
The NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) for gamma-Nonalactone is 61.4 mg/kg bw/day based on a Subchronic study via oral route in rat. Source: COSMOS_DB.
Is gamma-Nonalactone used outside cosmetics?
gamma-Nonalactone also appears in industrial chemical safety, pharmaceutical, and food safety data. The cross-vertical cards on this page render same-CAS public rows from the matched databases.
Compliance Tools
Check gamma-Nonalactone compliance across multiple jurisdictions:
Ingredient Decoder
Paste a full ingredient list for instant analysis
82 Allergen Checker
Check for EU declarable fragrance allergens
Substance Compliance
Check compliance across multiple jurisdictions
MoS Calculator
Calculate Margin of Safety using SCCS methodology
Heavy Metal Limits
Compare limits across jurisdictions
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