Food Safety Substance
Gum arabicE414
Gum arabic (E414) is a food additive with PUBLISHED in the EU, At the notifier's request, FDA ceased to evaluate this notice in the US, and data from 9 regulatory sources.
CAS 9000-01-5
E414
emulsifier
Indexable evidence set
FDA
At the notifier's request, FDA ceased to evaluate this notice
ADI / TDI
ADI NOT SPECIFIED mg/kg bw
Codex
30 row(s)
SOURCE
D1 identity resolution
e number aliases | Food Additives | dsstox identifiers | 9 matched regulatory source group(s)
Substance Identity
Resolved identifiers used to render this food-safety record.
Substance name
Gum arabic
CAS
9000-01-5
E-number
E414
Food category
emulsifier
DTXSID
DTXSID8020676
Evidence tier
Indexable evidence set (15)
SOURCE
EU Commission
FDA | Health Canada | Codex Alimentarius
Multi-Jurisdiction Comparison
Side-by-side status rows for the same resolved substance across public food regulators.
| Jurisdiction | Authority | Status | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | EU Commission | PUBLISHED | EU additive listing; Annex II entry |
| United States | FDA | At the notifier's request, FDA ceased to evaluate this notice | GRAS notice |
| Codex | Codex Alimentarius | Listed | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener |
SOURCE
EU Commission
EU Food Additives | EU Food Additives Database
EU Food Additive Status
EU Commission food-additive listing rows from eu_food_additives.
| Jurisdiction | E-number | Status | Type | Name | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | E423 | PUBLISHED | substanceFAD | Octenyl succinic acid modified gum arabic | - |
| European Union | E414 | PUBLISHED | substanceFAD | Gum arabic (acacia gum) | - |
SOURCE
EU Commission
EU Annex II Authorised | EU Food Additives Database
EU Annex II Authorised Uses
Authorised additive rows and use conditions from EU Annex II tables.
| Jurisdiction | E-number | Name | INS | Policy item | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | E414 | Gum arabic (acacia gum) | - | POL-FAD-IMPORT-3139 | - |
| European Union | E423 | Octenyl succinic acid modified gum arabic | - | POL-FAD-IMPORT-3337 | - |
Conditions and restrictions
| Jurisdiction | Food category | Restriction | Comment | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | 5.1 Cocoa and chocolate products as covered by Directive 2000/36/EC | quantum satis | as glazing agent only | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 11.4.1 table-top sweeteners in liquid form | quantum satis | - | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 11.4.2 table-top sweeteners in powder form | quantum satis | - | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 11.4.3 table-top sweeteners in tablets | quantum satis | - | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 13.1 foods for infants and young children | 150.000 mg/kg | in the nutrient preparation | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 13.1 foods for infants and young children | 10 mg/kg | carry-over in final product | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 13.1.3 Processed cereal-based foods and baby foods as defined by Regulation (EU) No 609/2013 | ML 10000 mg/kg | only processed cereal based foods and baby foods | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 13.1.3 Processed cereal-based foods and baby foods as defined by Regulation (EU) No 609/2013 | ML 20000 mg/kg | only gluten-free cereal-based foods | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 14.2.1 beer and malt beverages | quantum satis | - | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 5.1 Cocoa and chocolate products as covered by Directive 2000/36/EC | quantum satis | as glazing agent only | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 11.4.1 table-top sweeteners in liquid form | quantum satis | - | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 11.4.2 table-top sweeteners in powder form | quantum satis | - | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 11.4.3 table-top sweeteners in tablets | quantum satis | - | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 13.1.3 Processed cereal-based foods and baby foods as defined by Regulation (EU) No 609/2013 | ML 10000 mg/kg | only processed cereal based foods and baby foods | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 13.1.3 Processed cereal-based foods and baby foods as defined by Regulation (EU) No 609/2013 | ML 20000 mg/kg | only gluten-free cereal-based foods | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 14.2.1 beer and malt beverages | quantum satis | - | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 13.1 foods for infants and young children | 150.000 mg/kg | in the nutrient preparation | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 13.1 foods for infants and young children | 10 mg/kg | carry-over in final product | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 1.10 Milk-based drinks and similar products intended for young children* | ML 10000 mg/l | - | EU Food Additives Database |
SOURCE
Codex Alimentarius
Codex GSFA
Codex GSFA Status
Codex Alimentarius GSFA permissions and maximum-use rows.
| Jurisdiction | INS / E-number | Function | Food category | Max level | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 01.1.2 Other fluid milk (plain) | GMP | Excluding all fluid milks that are not mineral or vitamin fortified.; For use as emulsifier or stabilizer only. |
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 01.2.1.1 Fermented milks (plain), not heat-treated after fermentation | GMP | For use in reconstituted and recombined products conforming to the Standard for Fermented Milks (CXS 243-2003) only.; For use as a stabilizer or thickener only. |
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 01.2.1.2 Fermented milks (plain), heat-treated after fermentation | GMP | For use as a stabilizer or thickener only. |
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 01.2.2 Renneted milk (plain) | GMP | - |
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 01.4.1 Pasteurized cream (plain) | GMP | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Cream and Prepared Creams (CXS 288-1976) |
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 01.4.2 Sterilized and UHT creams, whipping and whipped creams, and reduced fat creams (plain) | GMP | - |
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 04.1.1.2 Surface-treated fresh fruit | GMP | For use as a glaze where such surface treatment is allowed for application to the surface of fresh fruit.; For use in waxes, coatings or glazes where these surface treatments are... |
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 04.2.2.7 Fermented vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera) and seaweed products, excluding fermented soybean products of food categories 06.8.6, 06.8.7, 12.9.1, 12.9.2.1 and 12.9.2.3 | GMP | For use only in products conforming to the Standard for Gochujang (CXS 294-2009). |
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 06.4.1 Fresh pastas and noodles and like products | GMP | For use in noodles only. |
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 06.4.2 Dried pastas and noodles and like products | GMP | For use in noodles, gluten-free pasta and pasta intended for hypoproteic diets only. |
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 08.1.1 Fresh meat, poultry, and game, whole pieces or cuts | GMP | For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only.; For use in fresh meat, poultry and game products only. |
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 08.1.2 Fresh meat, poultry, and game, comminuted | GMP | For use in fresh minced meat which contains other ingredients apart from comminuted meat only. |
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 09.2.1 Frozen fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | GMP | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Quick Frozen Shrimps and Prawns (CODEX STAN 92-1981).; For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or... |
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 09.2.2 Frozen battered fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | GMP | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Quick Frozen Fish Sticks (Fish Fingers), Fish Portions and Fish Fillets – Breaded or in Batter (CODEX STAN 166-1989).; For use in... |
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 09.2.3 Frozen minced and creamed fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | GMP | For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only. |
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 09.2.4.1 Cooked fish and fish products | GMP | For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only.; For general use in surimi products. |
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 09.2.4.2 Cooked mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | GMP | For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only. |
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 09.2.4.3 Fried fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | GMP | For use in breading or batter coatings only.; For general use in surimi products.; For general use as a glazing agent. |
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 09.2.5 Smoked, dried, fermented, and/or salted fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | GMP | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Salted Atlantic Herring and Salted Sprat (CODEX STAN 244-2004).; Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Smoked Fish... |
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 10.2.1 Liquid egg products | GMP | - |
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 10.2.2 Frozen egg products | GMP | - |
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 11.4 Other sugars and syrups (e.g. xylose, maple syrup, sugar toppings) | GMP | Excluding maple syrup. |
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 12.1.2 Salt Substitutes | GMP | - |
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 13.1.1 Infant formulae | 10 mg/kg | For use as a nutrient carrier in a raw material or other ingredient.; As consumed.; Maximum use level is expressed as mg additive/L of food. |
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 13.1.2 Follow-up formulae | 10 mg/kg | For use as a nutrient carrier in a raw material or other ingredient.; As consumed.; Maximum use level is expressed as mg additive/L of food. |
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 13.1.3 Formulae for special medical purposes for infants | 10 mg/kg | For use as a nutrient carrier in a raw material or other ingredient.; As consumed.; Maximum use level is expressed as mg additive/L of food. |
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 13.2 Complementary foods for infants and young children | 10,000 mg/kg | For use as a nutrient carrier in a raw material or other ingredient used to produce the foods conforming to the Standard for Processed Cereal-Based Foods for Infants and Young... |
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 14.1.5 Coffee, coffee substitutes, tea, herbal infusions, and other hot cereal and grain beverages, excluding cocoa | GMP | For use in ready-to-drink products and pre-mixes for ready-to-drink products only. |
| Codex | 414 | Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 14.2.3 Grape wines | GMP | The maximum level of the additive in grape wine set as Good Manufacturing Practice must not result in (i) the modification of the natural and essential characteristics of the wine... |
| Codex | 423 | Emulsifier | Table 3 Foods in General (GMP) | GMP | Table 3 additive - GMP in foods in general |
SOURCE
FDA
FDA GRAS
FDA GRAS Status
US FDA GRAS notice evidence from enriched and notice tables.
| Jurisdiction | GRN | Substance | FDA response | Intended use | Basis | Notifier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 58 | Gum arabic | At the notifier's request, FDA ceased to evaluate this notice | Use in creamers for alcoholic beverages as a thickener, emulsifier or stabilizer at levels not to exceed 20 percent by weight of the alcoholic beverage | Scientific procedures | Kerry Ingredients |
| United States | 58 | Gum arabic | At the notifier's request, FDA ceased to evaluate this notice | Use in creamers for alcoholic beverages as a thickener, emulsifier or stabilizer at levels not to exceed 20 percent by weight of the alcoholic beverage | Scientific procedures | Kerry Ingredients |
SOURCE
EU Commission
EU Food Contact Materials
EU FCM Substances
EU food-contact material rows and migration-limit fields.
| Jurisdiction | FCM no. | Ref no. | Substance | Use | SML | Regulation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | 541 | 58480 | gum arabic | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
SOURCE
JECFA
JECFA ADI
JECFA ADI Values
JECFA ADI records and evaluation years.
| Jurisdiction | Chemical name | JECFA no. | CAS | ADI | ADI upper | Function | Evaluation year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JECFA | GUM ARABIC | - | 9000-01-5 | NOT SPECIFIED | - | THICKENER, EMULSIFIER, STABILIZER | 1989 |
| JECFA | OCTENYL SUCCINIC ACID (OSA) modified GUM ARABIC | - | - | NOT SPECIFIED | - | EMULSIFIER | 2016 |
SOURCE
ingredients
ghs classifications
Cross-Reference to Cosmetics / Chemicals / Pharma
Same-CAS public rows from adjacent Roots verticals where available.
SOURCE
Cross-vertical comparison
ingredients | ghs classifications
Cross-Vertical Regulatory Divergence
This substance has different regulatory treatment across food, cosmetics, and industrial use.
SOURCE
FAQPage JSON-LD
public food renderer rows
Frequently Asked Questions
Food-use, safety, ADI, and cross-vertical answers mirrored into FAQPage JSON-LD.
What is Gum arabic used for in food?
Gum arabic appears in food-use rows as: Antioxidant/Stabilizer; Bulking agent; Carrier; Emulsifier; Glazing agent; Stabilizer; Thickener.
Is Gum arabic / E414 safe?
This page does not assign a standalone safety verdict; it renders public regulatory evidence. ADI/reference value: ADI NOT SPECIFIED mg/kg bw. EU status evidence: PUBLISHED. US/FDA evidence: At the notifier's request, FDA ceased to evaluate this notice.
What is the ADI for Gum arabic?
Gum arabic has this ADI/reference value in the food-safety tables: ADI NOT SPECIFIED mg/kg bw. Source: WHO JECFA.
Is Gum arabic also used in cosmetics?
Gum arabic has a same-CAS cosmetics cross-reference: Acacia Senegal Gum, EU status permitted.