Food Safety Substance
C.I. Acid Yellow 23E102
C.I. Acid Yellow 23 (E102) is a food additive with PUBLISHED in the EU, Approved; FDA voluntary phase-out plan by end 2026 (Apr 2025) in the US, and data from 7 regulatory sources.
CAS 1934-21-0
E102
Indexable evidence set
FDA
Approved; FDA voluntary phase-out plan by end 2026 (Apr 2025)
ADI / TDI
ADI 7.5 mg/kg bw/day
Codex
58 row(s)
SOURCE
D1 identity resolution
e number aliases | Food Additives | dsstox identifiers | 7 matched regulatory source group(s)
Substance Identity
Resolved identifiers used to render this food-safety record.
Substance name
C.I. Acid Yellow 23
CAS
1934-21-0
E-number
E102
DTXSID
DTXSID1021455
PubChem CID
164825
Evidence tier
Indexable evidence set (13)
SOURCE
EU Commission
FDA | Health Canada | Codex Alimentarius
Multi-Jurisdiction Comparison
Side-by-side status rows for the same resolved substance across public food regulators.
| Jurisdiction | Authority | Status | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | EU Commission | PUBLISHED | EU additive listing; Annex II entry |
| Codex | Codex Alimentarius | Listed | Colour |
SOURCE
EU Commission
EU Food Additives | EU Food Additives Database
EU Food Additive Status
EU Commission food-additive listing rows from eu_food_additives.
| Jurisdiction | E-number | Status | Type | Name | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | E102 | PUBLISHED | substanceFAD | Tartrazine | - |
SOURCE
EU Commission
EU Annex II Authorised | EU Food Additives Database
EU Annex II Authorised Uses
Authorised additive rows and use conditions from EU Annex II tables.
| Jurisdiction | E-number | Name | INS | Policy item | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | E102 | Tartrazine | - | POL-FAD-IMPORT-2987 | - |
Conditions and restrictions
| Jurisdiction | Food category | Restriction | Comment | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | 9.2 Processed fish and fishery products including molluscs and crustaceans | ML 100 mg/kg | only fish paste and crustacean paste | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 9.2 Processed fish and fishery products including molluscs and crustaceans | ML 250 mg/kg | only precooked crustacean | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 9.2 Processed fish and fishery products including molluscs and crustaceans | ML 100 mg/kg | only smoked fish | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 14.2.7.1 Aromatised wines | ML 100 mg/l | only americano, bitter vino | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 14.2.7.2 Aromatised wine-based drinks | ML 100 mg/l | only bitter soda | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 1.7.5 processed cheese | ML 100 mg/kg | only flavoured processed cheese | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 4.2.3 canned or bottled fruit and vegetables | ML 100 mg/kg | only processed mushy and garden peas (canned) | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 9.2 Processed fish and fishery products including molluscs and crustaceans | ML 100 mg/kg | only fish paste and crustacean paste | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 9.2 Processed fish and fishery products including molluscs and crustaceans | ML 250 mg/kg | only precooked crustacean | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 9.2 Processed fish and fishery products including molluscs and crustaceans | ML 100 mg/kg | only smoked fish | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 14.2.7.1 Aromatised wines | ML 100 mg/l | only americano, bitter vino | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 14.2.7.2 Aromatised wine-based drinks | ML 100 mg/l | only bitter soda | EU Food Additives Database |
SOURCE
Codex Alimentarius
Codex GSFA
Codex GSFA Status
Codex Alimentarius GSFA permissions and maximum-use rows.
| Jurisdiction | INS / E-number | Function | Food category | Max level | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 01.1.4 Flavoured fluid milk drinks | 300 mg/kg | Excluding chocolate milk. |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 01.3.2 Beverage whiteners | 300 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for a Blend of Evaporated Skimmed Milk and Vegetable Fat (CODEX STAN 250-2006).; Excluding products conforming to the Standard for a... |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 01.6.2.2 Rind of ripened cheese | 100 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 01.6.4.1 Plain processed cheese | 200 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 01.6.4.2 Flavoured processed cheese, including containing fruit, vegetables, meat, etc. | 200 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 01.6.5 Cheese analogues | 300 mg/kg | For use in surface treatment only. |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 01.7 Dairy-based desserts (e.g. pudding, fruit or flavoured yoghurt) | 300 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 02.4 Fat-based desserts excluding dairy-based dessert products of food category 01.7 | 150 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 03.0 Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet | 40 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 04.1.2.11 Fruit fillings for pastries | 200 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 04.1.2.4 Canned or bottled (pasteurized) fruit | 200 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for canned raspberries (CXS 60-1981).; Excluding products conforming to the Standard for certain canned citrus fruits (CXS... |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 04.1.2.5 Jams, jellies, marmelades | 200 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Jams, Jellies and Marmalades (CXS 296-2009) except for use in apple jam at 30 mg/kg to restore colour lost during processing. |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 04.1.2.6 Fruit-based spreads (e.g. chutney) excluding products of food category 04.1.2.5 | 500 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Mango Chutney (CODEX STAN 160-1987). |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 04.1.2.7 Candied fruit | 200 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 04.1.2.8 Fruit preparations, including pulp, purees, fruit toppings and coconut milk | 200 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Aqueous Coconut Products (CODEX STAN 240-2003).; Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Date Paste (CODEX STAN... |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 04.1.2.9 Fruit-based desserts, including fruit-flavoured water-based desserts | 150 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 04.2.2.2 Dried vegetables (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), seaweeds, and nuts and seeds | 940 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Regional Standard for mixed zaatar (Near East) (CXS 341R-2020).; Excluding products conforming to the General Standard for Edible Fungi and... |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 04.2.2.3 Vegetables (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), and seaweeds in vinegar, oil, brine, or soybean sauce | 100 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Pickled Fruits and Vegetables (CODEX STAN 260-2007).; Excluding products conforming to the General Standard for Edible Fungi and... |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 04.2.2.4 Canned or bottled (pasteurized) or retort pouch vegetables (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), and seaweeds | 100 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Canned Chestnuts and Canned Chestnut Puree (CODEX STAN 145-1985).; Excluding products conforming to the General Standard for... |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 04.2.2.7 Fermented vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera) and seaweed products, excluding fermented soybean products of food categories 06.8.6, 06.8.7, 12.9.1, 12.9.2.1 and 12.9.2.3 | 200 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the General Standard for Edible Fungi and Fungus Products (CODEX STAN 38-1981).; Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Kimchi (CXS... |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 05.1.3 Cocoa-based spreads, including fillings | 100 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Cocoa Butter (CODEX STAN 86-1981). |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 05.1.4 Cocoa and chocolate products | 100 mg/kg | For use in surface decoration only. |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 05.1.5 Imitation chocolate, chocolate substitute products | 100 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 05.2 Confectionery including hard and soft candy, nougats, etc. other than food categories 05.1, 05.3 and 05.4 | 300 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 05.3 Chewing gum | 300 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 05.4 Decorations (e.g. for fine bakery wares), toppings (non-fruit) and sweet sauces | 500 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 06.3 Breakfast cereals, including rolled oats | 300 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 06.4.2 Dried pastas and noodles and like products | 70 mg/kg | Some Codex Members allow the use of additives with colour function in this food category while others limit these additives to certain products. |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 06.4.3 Pre-cooked pastas and noodles and like products | 70 mg/kg | Except for use at 300 mg/kg in products conforming to the Standard for instant noodles (CXS 249-2006).; Some Codex Members allow the use of additives with colour function in this... |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 06.5 Cereal and starch based desserts (e.g. rice pudding, tapioca pudding) | 100 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 06.8.1 Soybean-based beverages | 20 mg/kg | Except for use in composite/flavoured soybean beverages and soybean-based beverages conforming to the Regional Standard for Non-Fermented Soybean Products (Asia) (CXS 322R-2015)... |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 07.1.1.1 Yeast-leavened breads and specialty breads | 300 mg/kg | Some Codex Members allow the use of additives with sweetener and colour functions in this food category while others limit this food category to products without these additives. |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 07.1.1.2 Soda breads | 300 mg/kg | Some Codex Members allow the use of additives with sweetener and colour functions in this food category while others limit this food category to products without these additives. |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 07.1.2 Crackers, excluding sweet crackers | 300 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 07.1.3 Other ordinary bakery products (e.g. bagels, pita, English muffins) | 300 mg/kg | Some Codex Members allow the use of additives with sweetener and colour functions in this food category while others limit this food category to products without these additives. |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 07.1.4 Bread-type products, including bread stuffing and bread crumbs | 300 mg/kg | Some Codex Members allow the use of additives with sweetener and colour functions in this food category while others limit this food category to products without these additives. |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 07.1.5 Steamed breads and buns | 300 mg/kg | For use in flavoured products only.; Some Codex Members allow the use of additives with sweetener and colour functions in this food category while others limit this food category... |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 07.1.6 Mixes for bread and ordinary bakery wares | 200 mg/kg | Some Codex Members allow the use of additives with sweetener and colour functions in this food category while others limit this food category to products without these additives. |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 07.2 Fine bakery wares (sweet, salty, savoury) and mixes | 100 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 09.2.5 Smoked, dried, fermented, and/or salted fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | 100 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Crackers from Marine and Freshwater Fish, Crustaceans and Molluscan Shellfish (CODEX STAN 222-2001).; Excluding products... |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 09.4 Fully preserved, including canned or fermented fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | 30 mg/kg | For use of tartrazine (INS 102), sunset yellow FCF (INS 110), amaranth (INS 123) and ponceau 4R (cochineal red A) (INS 124) singly or in combination up to a maximum level of 30... |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 12.2.2 Seasonings and condiments | 425 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 12.4 Mustards | 300 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 12.5 Soups and broths | 50 mg/kg | For use in products conforming to the Standard for Bouillons and Consommés (CODEX STAN 117-1981) only. |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 12.6 Sauces and like products | 500 mg/kg | Except for use at 50 mg/kg in products conforming to the Standard for Chili Sauce (CXS 306-2011).; Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Fish Sauce (CODEX STAN... |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 12.6.2 Non-emulsified sauces (e.g. ketchup, cheese sauce, cream sauce, brown gravy) | 100 mg/kg | For use only in products conforming to the Standard for Chili Sauce (CXS 306-2011). |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 13.3 Dietetic foods intended for special medical purposes (excluding products of food category 13.1) | 100 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Guidelines for Ready to Use Therapeutic Foods (CXG 95-2022). |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 13.4 Dietetic formulae for slimming purposes and weight reduction | 50 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 13.5 Dietetic foods (e.g. supplementary foods for dietary use) excluding products of food categories 13.1 - 13.4 and 13.6 | 300 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 13.6 Food supplements | 300 mg/kg | For use in solid forms as sold to the consumer only. |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 14.1.4 Water-based flavoured drinks, including sport, energy, or electrolyte drinks and particulated drinks | 100 mg/kg | On the served to the consumer basis. |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 14.2.1 Beer and malt beverages | 500 mg/kg | For use in malt liquor only. |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 14.2.2 Cider and perry | 200 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 14.2.4 Wines (other than grape) | 200 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 14.2.6 Distilled spirituous beverages containing more than 15% alcohol | 200 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 14.2.7 Aromatized alcoholic beverages (e.g. beer, wine and spirituous cooler-type beverages, low alcoholic refreshers) | 200 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 15.1 Snacks - potato, cereal, flour or starch based (from roots and tubers, pulses and legumes) | 300 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 102 | Colour | 15.2 Processed nuts, including coated nuts and nut mixtures (with e.g. dried fruit) | 120 mg/kg | - |
SOURCE
JECFA
JECFA ADI
JECFA ADI Values
JECFA ADI records and evaluation years.
| Jurisdiction | Chemical name | JECFA no. | CAS | ADI | ADI upper | Function | Evaluation year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JECFA | TARTRAZINE | - | 1934-21-0 | 0-7.5 mg/kg bw | 7.5 | COLOUR | 2016 |
SOURCE
ingredients
ghs classifications
Cross-Reference to Cosmetics / Chemicals / Pharma
Same-CAS public rows from adjacent Roots verticals where available.
SOURCE
Cross-vertical comparison
ingredients | ghs classifications
Cross-Vertical Regulatory Divergence
This substance has different regulatory treatment across food, cosmetics, and industrial use.
SOURCE
FAQPage JSON-LD
public food renderer rows
Frequently Asked Questions
Food-use, safety, ADI, and cross-vertical answers mirrored into FAQPage JSON-LD.
What is C.I. Acid Yellow 23 used for in food?
C.I. Acid Yellow 23 appears in food-use rows as: Food colorant; Colour.
Is C.I. Acid Yellow 23 / E102 safe?
This page does not assign a standalone safety verdict; it renders public regulatory evidence. ADI/reference value: ADI 7.5 mg/kg bw/day. EU status evidence: PUBLISHED. US/FDA evidence: Approved; FDA voluntary phase-out plan by end 2026 (Apr 2025).
What is the ADI for C.I. Acid Yellow 23?
C.I. Acid Yellow 23 has this ADI/reference value in the food-safety tables: ADI 7.5 mg/kg bw/day. Source: food_substances.
Is C.I. Acid Yellow 23 also used in cosmetics?
C.I. Acid Yellow 23 has a same-CAS cosmetics cross-reference: FD&C Yellow No. 5 (CI 19140), EU status permitted.