What is the NOAEL for 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid?
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid has 39 NOAEL studies in the database. The lowest reported value is -0.3 % via Dermal. Source: NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization.
NOAEL Data
REACH Registered
Cosmetic Ingredient
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid
Also known as: p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-Carboxyphenol, EINECS 202-804-9, Acido p-idrossibenzoico, Kyselina 4-hydroxybenzoova (+10 more)
CAS 99-96-7
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (CAS 99-96-7) is a chemical substance. Key regulatory status: REACH registered, 11 regulatory/inventory lists, cosmetic ingredient cross-reference; source data from EPA ToxValDB, EPA CPDat, AICIS, ECHA REACH.
Cross-Vertical Regulatory Divergence
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid is classified GHS Danger (H315, H318, H319, H335) in the chemicals database but is restricted in EU cosmetics at max 0.4% (as acid) single; 0.8% mixtures (Annex V/12). Propyl/butylparaben sum ≤0.14%.
SOURCE
Cross-vertical comparison
Cosmetics: ingredients.eu_status/eu_max; Chemicals: ghs_classifications.signal_word/hazard_statement_code
SOURCE
noael studies public
NOAEL studies
39
SOURCE
chemical inventory jurisdictions
Regulatory lists
11
SOURCE
eu clp annex vi
GHS signal
Not classified
Chemical Identity
CAS, identifiers, formula, and alternate names for the matched substance record.
SOURCE
DSSTox identifiers
21 fields
Name
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid
CAS Number
99-96-7
DTXSID
DTXSID3026647
Molecular Formula
C7H6O3
InChI Key
FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Monoisotopic Mass
138.031694
Synonyms
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid4-CarboxyphenolEINECS 202-804-9Acido p-idrossibenzoicoKyselina 4-hydroxybenzoovap-OxybenzoesaureUNII-JG8Z55Y12H4-Hydroxy-benzoate4-Hydroxy-benzoesaeure4-Hydroxy-benzoic acid4-Hydroxybenzoatep-Hydroxy-Benzoate
Functional Uses
Industrial and product-use categories associated with this substance.
SOURCE
EPA CPDat
6 records
PreservativeFragranceFlavouring and nutrient
Regulatory Lists
Inventory, screening, and regulatory list matches from public chemical databases.
SOURCE
EPA CPDat
11 records
| List | Keyword | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Europe; Personal care | European Commission | CosIng |
| consumer_product; Europe | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| consumer_product; Europe | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| Europe | European Commission | Fl@vis |
| children; WA Children's Safe Product Act (4/2020) | State of Washington Department of Ecology | State of Washington |
| food_additive; Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS) (2/2019) | FDA | United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |
| Canada; pharmaceutical | DrugBank | DrugBank |
| active_ingredient; Europe; Pesticides | European Commission | CPCat |
| children | Vermont Department of Health | State of Vermont |
| children | Maine Department of Environmental Protection | State of Maine |
| children | Oregon Health Authority | State of Oregon |
NOAEL Studies
Toxicology endpoints rendered from public NOAEL study rows.
SOURCE
NOAEL studies
Showing 39 of 39 studies
| Value | Unit | Endpoint | Route | Species | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1052 | ug/mL | CD54, EC200 | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| >966.854 | ug/mL | CD86, EC150 | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| <1000 | ug/mL | CV75 | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 1666.7 | ug/mL | CV75 | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| =4.8 | mg/m3 | DNEL local | inhalation | Human | ToxValDB_GESTIS_DNEL |
| =2.4 | mg/m3 | DNEL systemic | inhalation | Human | ToxValDB_GESTIS_DNEL |
| -0.3 | % | Depletion Cys | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 1.7 | % | Depletion Cys | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 3 | % | Depletion Cys | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| -0.1 | % | Depletion Lys | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 0.7 | % | Depletion Lys | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 2.2 | % | Depletion Lys | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 0.9 | % | Depletion Lys + Cys | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 1.1 | % | Depletion Lys + Cys | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 1.85 | % | Depletion Lys + Cys | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| >2000 | uM | EC1.5 | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| JG8Z55Y12H | UNII | FDA UNII substance identifier | - | - | openFDA substances |
| JG8Z55Y12H | UNII | FDA UNII substance identifier | - | - | openFDA substances |
| JG8Z55Y12H | UNII | FDA UNII substance identifier | - | - | openFDA substances |
| JG8Z55Y12H | UNII | FDA UNII substance identifier | - | - | openFDA substances |
| >2400 | uM | IC50 | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 1.064 | ratio | Imax | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 1.1 | ratio | Imax | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 1.146 | ratio | Imax | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 1.31 | ratio | Imax | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| >2000 | mg/kg bw | LD50 | oral | Rat | NTP_ICE_acute_oral |
| =5000 | mg/kg bw | LD50 | oral | Rat | NTP_ICE_acute_oral |
| >10000 | mg/kg bw | LD50 | oral | Rat | NTP_ICE_acute_oral |
| =5 | mg/kg bw/day | LEL | injection | Mouse | ToxValDB_Uterotrophic_Hershberger_DB |
| =200 | mg/kg bw/day | LOEL | oral | Rat | ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID |
| =1000 | mg/kg bw/day | LOEL | oral | Rat | ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID |
| - | unitless | Model Score | - | - | NTP_ICE_endocrine |
| =1043 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | Rat | ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID |
| =40 | mg/kg bw/day | NOEL | oral | Rat | ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID |
| =60 | mg/m3 | NOEL | inhalation | Rat | ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID |
| >=100 | mg/kg bw/day | NOEL | injection | Mouse | ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID |
| >200 | mg/kg bw/day | NOEL | oral | Rat | ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID |
| >1000 | mg/kg bw/day | NOEL | oral | Rat | ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID |
| >=1030 | mg/kg bw/day | NOEL | oral | Rat | ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID |
Showing 39 of 39 studies
REACH Registration
Registration status from the ECHA REACH registered substances database.
SOURCE
ECHA (EU)
1 records
| Status | Name | EC Number | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| Registered | 4-hydroxybenzoic acid | 202-804-9 | ECHA overview → |
Australian Status (AICIS)
Australian industrial chemicals inventory status and applicable conditions.
SOURCE
AICIS inventory
1 records
Inventory Status
listed
Cosmetic Safety Profile
Same-CAS cosmetic ingredient record for cross-vertical context.
SOURCE
CosIng / Ingredients DB
EU Status
restricted
Max
0.4% (as acid) single; 0.8% mixtures (Annex V/12). Propyl/butylparaben sum ≤0.14%
Category
preservative
Pharmaceutical Data
Same-CAS pharmaceutical records from drug and bioactivity sources.
SOURCE
EMBL-EBI ChEMBL
PARABEN
ChEMBL Phase
Not listed
Adverse Events
0
Bioactivity
6
Food Safety Data
Same-CAS food additive, ADI, and GRAS records where available.
SOURCE
EFSA / FDA GRAS
1 records
ADI: No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent mg/kg bw
View full food safety profile →Cannabis Data
Same-CAS cannabis compliance and lab records where available.
SOURCE
Cannabis regulatory / lab data
efsa substances
1 cannabis record found in efsa substances.
View full cannabis profile →Frequently Asked Questions
What regulatory lists include 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid?
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid appears on 8 regulatory/inventory lists including Europe; Personal care, consumer_product; Europe, Europe, and 5 more. Source: EPA CPDat.
Is 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid used in cosmetics?
Yes, 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid is also indexed as a cosmetic ingredient under the name 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid. View the full cosmetic safety profile on the ingredient page for detailed safety data, SCCS opinions, and regulatory status.
Where does the safety data for 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid come from?
Safety data is sourced from EPA ToxValDB, EPA CPDat, AICIS (Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme), EPA DSSTox, ECHA REACH, CosIng / Ingredients DB, ChEMBL / DailyMed, EFSA / FDA GRAS, cannabis regulatory/lab databases. All data traces to primary regulatory sources and is updated from official government databases.
Does 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid have different safety status in cosmetics vs industrial chemicals?
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid is classified GHS Danger (H315, H318, H319, H335) in the chemicals database but is restricted in EU cosmetics at max 0.4% (as acid) single; 0.8% mixtures (Annex V/12). Propyl/butylparaben sum ≤0.14%.
Is 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid used outside industrial chemicals?
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid also appears in cosmetics, pharmaceutical, food safety, cannabis databases.