Also known as: 1,3-Isobenzofurandione, EINECS 201-607-5, Isobenzofuran, 1,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-, NCI-C03601, RCRA waste number U190 (+15 more)
CAS 85-44-9
Phthalic anhydride (CAS 85-44-9) is a chemical substance with GHS signal word Danger; key hazard signal: H302; H335; H315; H318; H334; H317. Key regulatory status: REACH registered, 28 regulatory/inventory lists, cosmetic ingredient cross-reference; source data from ECHA CLP, EPA ToxValDB, EPA CPDat, AICIS, ECHA REACH, ILO ICSC, OSHA, EPA TRI.
Phthalic anhydride is classified GHS Danger (H302, H335, H315, H318, H334, H317) in the chemicals database but is allowed in EU cosmetics.
CAS, identifiers, formula, and alternate names for the matched substance record.
EU harmonized hazard classification, hazard statements, pictograms, and signal word.
| Hazard Class | H-Statements | Pictograms | Signal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acute Tox. 4 *; STOT SE 3; Skin Irrit. 2; Eye Dam. 1; Resp. Sens. 1; Skin Sens. 1 | H302; H335; H315; H318; H334; H317 | GHS07; GHS05; GHS08 | Danger |
International Chemical Safety Card hazard and exposure summary.
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| GHS Signal Word | DANGER |
| GHS Hazard Statements | Harmful if swallowed Causes skin irritation May cause respiratory irritation Causes serious eye damage May cause an allergic skin reaction May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled |
| Short-term Effects | The substance is severely irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. |
| Long-term Effects | Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause asthma. See Notes. |
| Routes of Exposure | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion. |
Occupational exposure limits from OSHA, NIOSH, and ACGIH rows.
| Agency | Metric | Value | ppm | mg/m3 | Skin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OSHA | TWA | 2 ppm (12 mg/m³) | 2 | 12 | N |
| NIOSH | TWA | 1 ppm (6 mg/m³) | 1 | 6 | N |
| ACGIH | TWA | 0.002 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction and vapor) [2016] | - | 0.002 | Y |
| ACGIH | STEL | 0.005 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction and vapor) [2016] | - | 0.005 | Y |
| CAL/OSHA | TWA | 1 ppm (6 mg/m³) | 1 | 6 | N |
| NIOSH | IDLH | 60 mg/m³ | - | 60 | - |
Industrial and product-use categories associated with this substance.
Inventory, screening, and regulatory list matches from public chemical databases.
| List | Keyword | Source |
|---|---|---|
| artificial_saliva; detected; emissions; Europe; Furniture and Furnishings | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| artificial_saliva; detected; emissions; Europe; Furniture and Furnishings | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| air; Arts and crafts/Office supplies - children's art and toys - modeling clay; detected; emissions; Europe | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| detected; Europe; Other direct contact consumer goods | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| detected; Europe; Other direct contact consumer goods | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| air; Cons electronics mech appliances and machinery; detected; emissions; Europe | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| detected; Europe; Other direct contact consumer goods | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| drinking_water; Europe; manufacturing; plastic_additive | Belgaqua | CPCat |
| inert_ingredient; non_food_use; Pesticides | EPA | CPCat |
| Cons electronics mech appliances and machinery; Europe | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| CEDI | FDA | United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |
| Indirect additives food contact (10/2018) | FDA | United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |
| children | Vermont Department of Health | State of Vermont |
| artificial_saliva; detected; emissions; Europe; Toys and children's products | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| artificial_saliva; detected; emissions; Europe; Furniture and Furnishings | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| artificial_saliva; detected; emissions; Europe; Furniture and Furnishings | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| air; Arts and crafts/Office supplies - children's art and toys - modeling clay; detected; emissions; Europe | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| detected; Europe; Other direct contact consumer goods | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| detected; Europe; Other direct contact consumer goods | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| air; Cons electronics mech appliances and machinery; detected; emissions; Europe | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| detected; Europe; Other direct contact consumer goods | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| drinking_water; Europe; manufacturing; plastic_additive | Belgaqua | CPCat |
| inert_ingredient; non_food_use; Pesticides | EPA | CPCat |
| Cons electronics mech appliances and machinery; Europe | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| CEDI | FDA | United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |
| Indirect additives food contact (10/2018) | FDA | United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |
| children | Vermont Department of Health | State of Vermont |
| artificial_saliva; detected; emissions; Europe; Toys and children's products | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
Toxicology endpoints rendered from public NOAEL study rows.
| Value | Unit | Endpoint | Route | Species | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 160 | ug/mL | CD86, EC150 | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 400 | ug/mL | CV75 | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 416.7 | ug/mL | CV75 | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| =49.4 | mg/m3 | DNEL systemic | inhalation | Human | ToxValDB_GESTIS_DNEL |
| -7 | % | Depletion Cys | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| - | % | Depletion Cys | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 1.9 | % | Depletion Cys | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 16.7 | % | Depletion Cys | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 31.3 | % | Depletion Lys | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 37 | % | Depletion Lys | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 75 | % | Depletion Lys | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 19 | % | Depletion Lys + Cys | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 24 | % | Depletion Lys + Cys | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 37.5 | % | Depletion Lys + Cys | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 38.4 | % | Depletion Lys + Cys | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 13.8 | uM | EC1.5 | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| >2000 | uM | EC1.5 | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| >2400 | uM | EC1.5 | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 0.16 | % | EC3 | Dermal | Mouse | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| UVL263I5BJ | UNII | FDA UNII substance identifier | - | - | openFDA substances |
| UVL263I5BJ | UNII | FDA UNII substance identifier | - | - | openFDA substances |
| UVL263I5BJ | UNII | FDA UNII substance identifier | - | - | openFDA substances |
| UVL263I5BJ | UNII | FDA UNII substance identifier | - | - | openFDA substances |
| 0.3302 | ratio | Imax | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 1.3 | ratio | Imax | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 1.54 | ratio | Imax | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| >0.21 | mg/L | LC50 | Inhalation | - | NTP_ICE_acute_inhalation |
| >800 | mg/kg bw | LD50 | oral | Rat | NTP_ICE_acute_oral |
| >1500 | mg/kg bw | LD50 | oral | Rat | NTP_ICE_acute_oral |
| =1530 | mg/kg bw | LD50 | oral | Rat | NTP_ICE_acute_oral |
| <1600 | mg/kg bw | LD50 | oral | Rat | NTP_ICE_acute_oral |
| <2000 | mg/kg bw | LD50 | oral | Rat | NTP_ICE_acute_oral |
| >2500 | mg/kg bw | LD50 | oral | Rat | NTP_ICE_acute_oral |
| =4020 | mg/kg bw | LD50 | oral | Rat | NTP_ICE_acute_oral |
| =4500 | mg/kg bw | LD50 | oral | Rat | NTP_ICE_acute_oral |
| <5000 | mg/kg bw | LD50 | oral | Rat | NTP_ICE_acute_oral |
| >750 | mg/kg bw/day | LEL | oral | Rat | ToxValDB_ToxRefDB |
| >750 | mg/kg bw/day | LEL | oral | rat (fischer; Fischer 344) | ToxRefDB_ToxRefDB_v3_pod.csv |
| =1803 | mg/kg bw/day | LEL | oral | Mouse | ToxValDB_ToxRefDB |
| =1803 | mg/kg bw/day | LEL | oral | mouse (b6c3f1; B6C3F1) | ToxRefDB_ToxRefDB_v3_pod.csv |
| =2452 | mg/kg bw/day | LEL | oral | Mouse | ToxValDB_ToxRefDB |
| =2452 | mg/kg bw/day | LEL | oral | mouse (b6c3f1; B6C3F1) | ToxRefDB_ToxRefDB_v3_pod.csv |
| =6.5 | mg/m3 | LOAEL | inhalation | Human | ToxValDB_Cal_OEHHA_REL_derivations |
| =1562 | mg/kg bw/day | LOAEL | oral | Mouse | ToxValDB_IRIS |
| =1562 | mg/kg/day | LOAEL | oral | - | EPA_IRIS_iris_rfd_systems.csv |
| >- | mg/kg bw/day | NEL | oral | mouse (b6c3f1; B6C3F1) | ToxRefDB_ToxRefDB_v3_pod.csv |
| =375 | mg/kg bw/day | NEL | oral | Rat | ToxValDB_ToxRefDB |
| =375 | mg/kg bw/day | NEL | oral | rat (fischer; Fischer 344) | ToxRefDB_ToxRefDB_v3_pod.csv |
| =1000 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | Rat | ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID |
| =1785 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | Mouse | ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID |
Showing 50 of 58 studies
Registration status from the ECHA REACH registered substances database.
| Status | Name | EC Number | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| Registered | Phthalic anhydride | 201-607-5 | ECHA overview → |
TRI hazard and reporting flags for the matched chemical.
| Chemical | Category | Flags |
|---|---|---|
| Phthalic anhydride | - | - |
Australian industrial chemicals inventory status and applicable conditions.
Same-CAS cosmetic ingredient record for cross-vertical context.
Same-CAS pharmaceutical records from drug and bioactivity sources.
Phthalic anhydride (CAS 85-44-9) is classified under EU CLP Annex VI as Acute Tox. 4 *; STOT SE 3; Skin Irrit. 2; Eye Dam. 1; Resp. Sens. 1; Skin Sens. 1 with signal word Danger. Hazard statements: H302; H335; H315; H318; H334; H317. Source: EU CLP Annex VI (ECHA).
Phthalic anhydride has 58 NOAEL studies in the database. The lowest reported value is -7 % via Dermal. Source: NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization.
Phthalic anhydride appears on 11 regulatory/inventory lists including artificial_saliva; detected; emissions; Europe; Furniture and Furnishings, air; Arts and crafts/Office supplies - children's art and toys - modeling clay; detected; emissions; Europe, detected; Europe; Other direct contact consumer goods, and 8 more. Source: EPA CPDat.
Occupational exposure limits for Phthalic anhydride are set by OSHA, NIOSH, ACGIH. 6 limit values from official agencies are documented in the database. Source: OSHA, NIOSH, ACGIH.
Yes, Phthalic anhydride is also indexed as a cosmetic ingredient under the name Phthalic Anhydride. View the full cosmetic safety profile on the ingredient page for detailed safety data, SCCS opinions, and regulatory status.
Safety data is sourced from ECHA CLP Annex VI, EPA ToxValDB, EPA CPDat, AICIS (Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme), EPA DSSTox, ECHA REACH, ILO/WHO ICSC, OSHA/NIOSH/ACGIH, EPA Toxics Release Inventory, CosIng / Ingredients DB, ChEMBL / DailyMed. All data traces to primary regulatory sources and is updated from official government databases.
Phthalic anhydride is classified GHS Danger (H302, H335, H315, H318, H334, H317) in the chemicals database but is allowed in EU cosmetics.
Phthalic anhydride also appears in cosmetics, pharmaceutical databases.