What is the GHS hazard classification for Propionic acid?
Propionic acid (CAS 79-09-4) is classified under EU CLP Annex VI as Skin Corr. 1B with signal word Danger. Hazard statements: H314. Source: EU CLP Annex VI (ECHA).
Danger
GHS05
NOAEL Data
REACH Registered
Cosmetic Ingredient
Propionic acid
Also known as: Propanoic acid, 4-02-00-00695, BRN 0506071, Caswell No. 707, EINECS 201-176-3 (+15 more)
CAS 79-09-4
Propionic acid (CAS 79-09-4) is a chemical substance with GHS signal word Danger; key hazard signal: H314. Key regulatory status: REACH registered, 53 regulatory/inventory lists, cosmetic ingredient cross-reference; source data from ECHA CLP, EPA ToxValDB, EPA CPDat, ECHA REACH, ILO ICSC, OSHA.
Cross-Vertical Regulatory Divergence
Propionic acid is classified GHS Danger (H314) in the chemicals database but is allowed in EU cosmetics at max 2%.
SOURCE
Cross-vertical comparison
Cosmetics: ingredients.eu_status/eu_max; Chemicals: eu_clp_annex_vi.signal_word/hazard_statement_code
SOURCE
noael studies public
NOAEL studies
44
SOURCE
chemical inventory jurisdictions
Regulatory lists
53
SOURCE
eu clp annex vi
GHS signal
Danger
Chemical Identity
CAS, identifiers, formula, and alternate names for the matched substance record.
SOURCE
DSSTox identifiers
26 fields
Name
Propionic acid
CAS Number
79-09-4
DTXSID
DTXSID8025961
Molecular Formula
C3H6O2
InChI Key
XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Monoisotopic Mass
74.036779
Synonyms
Propanoic acid4-02-00-00695BRN 0506071Caswell No. 707EINECS 201-176-3EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 077702FEMA No. 2924FEMA Number 2924Methyl acetic acidPropionic acid grain preserverPropionoic acidSentry grain preserver
GHS / CLP Classification
EU harmonized hazard classification, hazard statements, pictograms, and signal word.
SOURCE
EU CLP Annex VI (ECHA)
1 classifications
| Hazard Class | H-Statements | Pictograms | Signal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Skin Corr. 1B | H314 | GHS05 | Danger |
ICSC Chemical Safety
International Chemical Safety Card hazard and exposure summary.
SOURCE
ILO/WHO International Chemical Safety Cards
1 records
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| GHS Signal Word | DANGER |
| GHS Hazard Statements | Flammable liquid and vapour Causes severe skin burns and eye damage May cause respiratory irritation Harmful to aquatic life |
| Short-term Effects | The substance is very corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. |
| Routes of Exposure | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, by ingestion and through the skin. |
OSHA Exposure Limits
Occupational exposure limits from OSHA, NIOSH, and ACGIH rows.
SOURCE
OSHA / NIOSH / ACGIH occupational exposure limits
4 records
| Agency | Metric | Value | ppm | mg/m3 | Skin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NIOSH | TWA | 10 ppm (30 mg/m³) | 10 | 30 | N |
| NIOSH | STEL | 15 ppm (45 mg/m³) | 15 | 45 | N |
| ACGIH | TWA | 10 ppm [1977] | 10 | - | N |
| CAL/OSHA | TWA | 10 ppm (30 mg/m³) | 10 | 30 | N |
Functional Uses
Industrial and product-use categories associated with this substance.
SOURCE
EPA CPDat
11 records
PreservativepH regulating agentFlavouring and nutrientFragranceSolventBiocide
Regulatory Lists
Inventory, screening, and regulatory list matches from public chemical databases.
SOURCE
EPA CPDat
53 records
| List | Keyword | Source |
|---|---|---|
| inert_ingredient; Pesticides | EPA | CPCat |
| inert_ingredient; non_food_use; Pesticides | EPA | CPCat |
| active_ingredient; agricultural; Pesticides | USDA | United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) |
| active_ingredient; agricultural; Pesticides | USDA | United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) |
| Canada; pharmaceutical | DrugBank | DrugBank |
| consumer_product | P&G | Proctor & Gamble |
| drinking_water; Europe; manufacturing; plastic_additive | Belgaqua | CPCat |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | State of California | State of California |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | State of California | State of California |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | State of California | State of California |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | State of California | State of California |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | State of California | State of California |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | State of California | State of California |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | State of California | State of California |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | State of California | State of California |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | State of California | State of California |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | State of California | State of California |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | State of California | State of California |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | State of California | State of California |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | State of California | State of California |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | State of California | State of California |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | State of California | State of California |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | State of California | State of California |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | State of California | State of California |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | California Department of Pesticide Regulation | State of California |
| active_ingredient; Europe; Pesticides | European Commission | CPCat |
| air; Cons electronics mech appliances and machinery; detected; emissions; Europe | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| active_ingredient; Europe; Pesticides | Commission of the European Communities | CPCat |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | MN Department of Agriculture Pesticide Sales Database | CPCat |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | MN Department of Agriculture Pesticide Sales Database | CPCat |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | MN Department of Agriculture Pesticide Sales Database | CPCat |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | MN Department of Agriculture Pesticide Sales Database | CPCat |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | MN Department of Agriculture Pesticide Sales Database | CPCat |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | MN Department of Agriculture Pesticide Sales Database | CPCat |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | MN Department of Agriculture Pesticide Sales Database | CPCat |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | MN Department of Agriculture Pesticide Sales Database | CPCat |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | MN Department of Agriculture Pesticide Sales Database | CPCat |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | MN Department of Agriculture Pesticide Sales Database | CPCat |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | MN Department of Agriculture Pesticide Sales Database | CPCat |
| active_ingredient; Pesticides | MN Department of Agriculture Pesticide Sales Database | CPCat |
NOAEL Studies
Toxicology endpoints rendered from public NOAEL study rows.
SOURCE
NOAEL studies
Showing 44 of 44 studies
| Value | Unit | Endpoint | Route | Species | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19.19 | min | Breakthrough Time | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_irritation |
| 37.78 | min | Breakthrough Time | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_irritation |
| JHU490RVYR | UNII | FDA UNII substance identifier | - | - | openFDA substances |
| JHU490RVYR | UNII | FDA UNII substance identifier | - | - | openFDA substances |
| JHU490RVYR | UNII | FDA UNII substance identifier | - | - | openFDA substances |
| JHU490RVYR | UNII | FDA UNII substance identifier | - | - | openFDA substances |
| >4.9 | mg/L | LC50 | Inhalation | - | NTP_ICE_acute_inhalation |
| >19.7 | mg/L | LC50 | Inhalation | - | NTP_ICE_acute_inhalation |
| >20 | mg/L | LC50 | Inhalation | - | NTP_ICE_acute_inhalation |
| >400 | mg/kg bw | LD50 | oral | Rat | NTP_ICE_acute_oral |
| =2600 | mg/kg bw | LD50 | oral | Rat | NTP_ICE_acute_oral |
| =4300 | mg/kg bw | LD50 | oral | Rat | NTP_ICE_acute_oral |
| =87865.1 | mg/m3 | LEL | inhalation | Human | ToxValDB_DOE_Protective_Action_Criteria |
| =0.0045 | mmol | LOEL | injection | Rat | ToxValDB_ECOTOX |
| =0.006 | mmol | LOEL | injection | Rat | ToxValDB_ECOTOX |
| =0.1 | mM | LOEL | environmental | European Rabbit | ToxValDB_ECOTOX |
| =0.6 | % | LOEL | oral | Rat | ToxValDB_ECOTOX |
| =0.93 | umol/g org | LOEL | injection | Rat | ToxValDB_ECOTOX |
| =4 | % diet | LOEL | oral | Rat | ToxValDB_ECOTOX |
| <=8 | ul/g | LOEL | injection | Rat | ToxValDB_ECOTOX |
| =100 | mM | LOEL | injection | Rat | ToxValDB_ECOTOX |
| =40000 | ppm | LOEL | oral | Rat | ToxValDB_ECOTOX |
| 200 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | rat | COSMOS_DB |
| 1500 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | rat | COSMOS_DB |
| 2000 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | rat | COSMOS_DB |
| 4000 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | rat | COSMOS_DB |
| 4800 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | syrian hamster | COSMOS_DB |
| 6000 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | mouse | COSMOS_DB |
| =0.002 | mmol | NOEL | injection | Rat | ToxValDB_ECOTOX |
| =0.4 | % diet | NOEL | oral | Rat | ToxValDB_ECOTOX |
| =0.8 | ul/g | NOEL | injection | Rat | ToxValDB_ECOTOX |
| =1.68 | mmol/kg | NOEL | injection | Rat | ToxValDB_ECOTOX |
| <=1.92 | umol/g org | NOEL | injection | Rat | ToxValDB_ECOTOX |
| =4 | % | NOEL | oral | Rat | ToxValDB_ECOTOX |
| <=8 | ul/g | NOEL | injection | Rat | ToxValDB_ECOTOX |
| =100 | mM | NOEL | injection | Rat | ToxValDB_ECOTOX |
| 3.9 | % | Viability (240 minutes) | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_irritation |
| 9.3 | % | Viability (240 minutes) | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_irritation |
| 3.2 | % | Viability (3 minutes) | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_irritation |
| 5.5 | % | Viability (3 minutes) | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_irritation |
| 5.8 | % | Viability (3 minutes) | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_irritation |
| 2.5 | % | Viability (60 minutes) | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_irritation |
| 4.3 | % | Viability (60 minutes) | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_irritation |
| 11.8 | % | Viability (60 minutes) | Dermal | - | NTP_ICE_skin_irritation |
Showing 44 of 44 studies
REACH Registration
Registration status from the ECHA REACH registered substances database.
SOURCE
ECHA (EU)
1 records
| Status | Name | EC Number | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| Registered | Propionic acid | 201-176-3 | ECHA overview → |
Cosmetic Safety Profile
Same-CAS cosmetic ingredient record for cross-vertical context.
SOURCE
CosIng / Ingredients DB
EU Status
permitted
Max
2%
Category
Preservative
Pharmaceutical Data
Same-CAS pharmaceutical records from drug and bioactivity sources.
SOURCE
EMBL-EBI ChEMBL
PROPIONIC ACID
ChEMBL Phase
2
Adverse Events
149
Bioactivity
3
Food Safety Data
Same-CAS food additive, ADI, and GRAS records where available.
SOURCE
EFSA / FDA GRAS
1 records
E280 — ADI: NOT LIMITED (1973) mg/kg bw
View full food safety profile →Cannabis Data
Same-CAS cannabis compliance and lab records where available.
SOURCE
Cannabis regulatory / lab data
efsa substances
1 cannabis record found in efsa substances.
View full cannabis profile →Frequently Asked Questions
What is the NOAEL for Propionic acid?
Propionic acid has 44 NOAEL studies in the database. The lowest reported value is 19.19 min via Dermal. Source: NTP_ICE_skin_irritation.
What regulatory lists include Propionic acid?
Propionic acid appears on 14 regulatory/inventory lists including inert_ingredient; Pesticides, inert_ingredient; non_food_use; Pesticides, active_ingredient; agricultural; Pesticides, and 11 more. Source: EPA CPDat.
What are the occupational exposure limits for Propionic acid?
Occupational exposure limits for Propionic acid are set by NIOSH, ACGIH, CAL/OSHA. 4 limit values from official agencies are documented in the database. Source: OSHA, NIOSH, ACGIH.
Is Propionic acid used in cosmetics?
Yes, Propionic acid is also indexed as a cosmetic ingredient under the name Propionic Acid. View the full cosmetic safety profile on the ingredient page for detailed safety data, SCCS opinions, and regulatory status.
Where does the safety data for Propionic acid come from?
Safety data is sourced from ECHA CLP Annex VI, EPA ToxValDB, EPA CPDat, EPA DSSTox, ECHA REACH, ILO/WHO ICSC, OSHA/NIOSH/ACGIH, CosIng / Ingredients DB, ChEMBL / DailyMed, EFSA / FDA GRAS, cannabis regulatory/lab databases. All data traces to primary regulatory sources and is updated from official government databases.
Does Propionic acid have different safety status in cosmetics vs industrial chemicals?
Propionic acid is classified GHS Danger (H314) in the chemicals database but is allowed in EU cosmetics at max 2%.
Is Propionic acid used outside industrial chemicals?
Propionic acid also appears in cosmetics, pharmaceutical, food safety, cannabis databases.