What is the NOAEL for Titanium dioxide?
Titanium dioxide has 90 NOAEL studies in the database. The lowest reported value is 0.17 mg/m3 via inhalation in Human. Source: ToxValDB_GESTIS_DNEL.
NOAEL Data
IARC Group 2B
REACH Registered
Cosmetic Ingredient
Titanium dioxide
Also known as: TiO2, Atlas white titanium dioxide, Blend White 9202, Brookite, Calcotone White T (+15 more)
CAS 13463-67-7
Titanium dioxide (CAS 13463-67-7) is a chemical substance; key hazard signal: IARC Group 2B. Key regulatory status: REACH registered, 56 regulatory/inventory lists, cosmetic ingredient cross-reference; source data from EPA ToxValDB, EPA CPDat, AICIS, SCCS, IARC, ECHA REACH, ILO ICSC, OSHA.
Cross-Vertical Regulatory Divergence
Titanium dioxide is classified GHS CMR hazard (H351) in the chemicals database but is restricted in EU cosmetics at max 25% as UV filter; nano form (20–100 nm range) permitted with specific coating requirements (silica, alumina, dimethicone, stearic acid); banned in spray products.
SOURCE
Cross-vertical comparison
Cosmetics: ingredients.eu_status/eu_max; Chemicals: ghs_classifications.signal_word/hazard_statement_code
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noael studies public
NOAEL studies
90
SOURCE
chemical inventory jurisdictions
Regulatory lists
56
SOURCE
eu clp annex vi
GHS signal
Not classified
Chemical Identity
CAS, identifiers, formula, and alternate names for the matched substance record.
SOURCE
DSSTox identifiers
26 fields
Name
Titanium dioxide
CAS Number
13463-67-7
DTXSID
DTXSID3021352
Molecular Formula
2O.Ti
InChI Key
LEMYXEJBSHBMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Monoisotopic Mass
79.937771
Synonyms
TiO2Atlas white titanium dioxideBlend White 9202BrookiteCalcotone White TCI Pigment white 6Cosmetic Hydrophobic TiO2 9428Cosmetic Micro Blend TiO2 9228Cosmetic White C47-5175Cosmetic White C47-9623EINECS 236-675-5Hombitan
IARC Carcinogen Classification
Carcinogenic hazard classification from IARC monograph evaluations.
SOURCE
IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans
1 records
| Group | Meaning | Evaluated | Volume |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group 2B | Possibly carcinogenic | 2006 | 47, 93 |
ICSC Chemical Safety
International Chemical Safety Card hazard and exposure summary.
SOURCE
ILO/WHO International Chemical Safety Cards
2 records
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| GHS Signal Word | DANGER |
| GHS Hazard Statements | Causes damage to respiratory system through prolonged or repeated exposure if inhaled Suspected of causing cancer |
| Long-term Effects | Lungs may be affected by repeated or prolongated exposure. This may result in chronic inflammation. This substance is possibly carcinogenic to humans if inhaled. |
| Routes of Exposure | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of dust. |
OSHA Exposure Limits
Occupational exposure limits from OSHA, NIOSH, and ACGIH rows.
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OSHA / NIOSH / ACGIH occupational exposure limits
4 records
| Agency | Metric | Value | ppm | mg/m3 | Skin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OSHA | TWA | 15 mg/m³ (total dust) | - | 15 | N |
| ACGIH | TWA | Nanoscale particles: 0.2 mg/m 3 (respirable particulate matter) [2021] Finescale particles: 2.5 mg/m 3 (respirable particulate matter) [2021] | - | 0.2 | N |
| CAL/OSHA | TWA | 10 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction) | - | 10 | N |
| NIOSH | IDLH | 5000 mg/m³ | - | 5000 | - |
Functional Uses
Industrial and product-use categories associated with this substance.
SOURCE
EPA CPDat
60 records
PigmentDyeBrightenerDeodorizerOpaciferUV stabilizer
Regulatory Lists
Inventory, screening, and regulatory list matches from public chemical databases.
SOURCE
EPA CPDat
56 records
| List | Keyword | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Europe; Personal care | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| children; Europe; Personal care | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| children; Europe; Personal care - specialized bath products - bath salts | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| children; Europe; Personal care - dental care - toothpaste | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| children; Europe; Personal care | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| children; Europe; Personal care | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| Europe; Personal care | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| Europe; Personal care | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| Cleaning products and household care - dishwasher and dishes - automatic dishwashing detergent; Europe | Danish EPA | Danish EPA |
| Europe; Personal care - oral and dental care - teeth whitener | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| Europe; Personal care - oral and dental care - teeth whitener | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| Europe; Personal care - oral and dental care - teeth whitener | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| consumer_product; Europe | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| Arts and crafts/Office supplies - body paint - tattoo ink; Europe | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| Europe | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| Arts and crafts/Office supplies - body paint - tattoo ink; Europe | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| Arts and crafts/Office supplies - body paint - tattoo ink; Europe | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| Arts and crafts/Office supplies - general arts and crafts supplies - arts and crafts paint; Europe | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| SCIL (9/2019) | USEPA | Safer Chemical Ingredients List |
| drinking_water; Europe; manufacturing; plastic_additive | Belgaqua | CPCat |
| active_ingredient; Australia | Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority | CPCat |
| inert_ingredient; Pesticides | EPA | CPCat |
| general_foods | FDA | United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |
| pharmaceutical | FDA | United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |
| Personal care | FDA | United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |
| Medical/dental | FDA | United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |
| active_ingredient; Europe; Pesticides | Commission of the European Communities | CPCat |
| children; Europe; Personal care | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| children; Europe; Personal care - dental care - toothpaste | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| children; Europe; Personal care | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| Europe; Personal care - hair coloring | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| Europe; Personal care - liniment | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| Europe; Toys and children's products | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| consumer_product; Europe | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| Australia; Food and drug - smoking-related products | New Zealand ESR | CPCat |
| Arts and crafts/Office supplies - body paint - tattoo ink; Europe | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| Arts and crafts/Office supplies - body paint - tattoo ink; Europe | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| Arts and crafts/Office supplies - body paint - tattoo ink; Europe | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| Arts and crafts/Office supplies - body paint - tattoo ink; Europe | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| Arts and crafts/Office supplies - body paint - tattoo ink; Europe | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
NOAEL Studies
Toxicology endpoints rendered from public NOAEL study rows.
SOURCE
NOAEL studies
Showing 50 of 90 studies
| Value | Unit | Endpoint | Route | Species | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| =0.17 | mg/m3 | DNEL local | inhalation | Human | ToxValDB_GESTIS_DNEL |
| =0.8 | mg/m3 | DNEL local | inhalation | Human | ToxValDB_GESTIS_DNEL |
| =1.25 | mg/m3 | DNEL local | inhalation | Human | ToxValDB_GESTIS_DNEL |
| 15FIX9V2JP | UNII | FDA UNII substance identifier | - | - | openFDA substances |
| 15FIX9V2JP | UNII | FDA UNII substance identifier | - | - | openFDA substances |
| 15FIX9V2JP | UNII | FDA UNII substance identifier | - | - | openFDA substances |
| 15FIX9V2JP | UNII | FDA UNII substance identifier | - | - | openFDA substances |
| 2B | IARC group | IARC carcinogenicity classification | - | - | IARC Monographs |
| 2B | IARC group | IARC carcinogenicity classification | - | - | IARC Monographs |
| 2B | IARC group | IARC carcinogenicity classification | - | - | IARC Monographs |
| 2 | unitless | IARC group | - | - | NTP_ICE_cancer |
| >2.28 | mg/L | LC50 | Inhalation | - | NTP_ICE_acute_inhalation |
| 3.43 | mg/L | LC50 | Inhalation | - | NTP_ICE_acute_inhalation |
| >3.56 | mg/L | LC50 | Inhalation | - | NTP_ICE_acute_inhalation |
| 5.09 | mg/L | LC50 | Inhalation | - | NTP_ICE_acute_inhalation |
| >6.82 | mg/L | LC50 | Inhalation | - | NTP_ICE_acute_inhalation |
| =10.5 | mg/m3 | LOAEC | inhalation | Rat | ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID |
| =10.8 | mg/m3 | LOAEC | inhalation | Mouse | ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID |
| =2.1 | mg/m3 | NOAEC | inhalation | Rat | ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID |
| =2.2 | mg/m3 | NOAEC | inhalation | Mouse | ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID |
| =10.7 | mg/m3 | NOAEC | inhalation | Hamster | ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID |
| =0.6 | % | NOAEL | oral | rat | SCCS_vision_codex |
| =0.6 | % | NOAEL | oral | rat | SCCS_vision_codex |
| =0.6 | % | NOAEL | oral | rat | SCCS_vision_codex |
| =0.6 | % | NOAEL | oral | rat | SCCS_vision_codex |
| =2 | % | NOAEL | oral | rat | SCCS_vision_codex |
| =2 | % | NOAEL | oral | rat | SCCS_vision_codex |
| =2 | % | NOAEL | oral | rat | SCCS_vision_codex |
| =2 | % | NOAEL | oral | rat | SCCS_vision_codex |
| =62.5 | mg/kg bw/d | NOAEL | oral | rat | SCCS_vision_codex |
| =62.5 | mg/kg bw/d | NOAEL | oral | rat | SCCS_vision_codex |
| =62.5 | mg/kg bw/d | NOAEL | oral | rat | SCCS_vision_codex |
| =62.5 | mg/kg bw/d | NOAEL | oral | rat | SCCS_vision_codex |
| =100 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | rat | SCCS_vision_codex |
| =100 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | rat | SCCS_vision_codex |
| =100 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | rat | SCCS_vision_codex |
| =100 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | rat | SCCS_vision_codex |
| =250 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | - | - | INCHEM_WHO_jecfa_jecmono_v1051je01 |
| =250 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | rat | SCCS_vision_codex |
| =250 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | - | - | INCHEM_WHO_jecfa_jecmono_v1051je01 |
| =250 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | rat | SCCS_vision_codex |
| =250 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | rat | SCCS_vision_codex |
| =250 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | rat | SCCS_vision_codex |
| =260 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | - | Mouse | INCHEM_WHO_jecfa_jecmono_v1051je01 |
| =260 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | - | Mouse | INCHEM_WHO_jecfa_jecmono_v1051je01 |
| =1000 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | Rat | ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID |
| =1000 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | - | - | INCHEM_WHO_jecfa_jecmono_v1051je01 |
| =1000 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | rat | SCCS_vision_codex |
| =1000 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | - | - | INCHEM_WHO_jecfa_jecmono_v1051je01 |
| =1000 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | rat | SCCS_vision_codex |
Showing 50 of 90 studies
REACH Registration
Registration status from the ECHA REACH registered substances database.
SOURCE
ECHA (EU)
1 records
| Status | Name | EC Number | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| Registered | Titanium dioxide | 236-675-5 | ECHA overview → |
Australian Status (AICIS)
Australian industrial chemicals inventory status and applicable conditions.
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AICIS inventory
1 records
Inventory Status
listed
SCCS Opinions
EU Scientific Committee opinions tied to the matched substance.
SOURCE
EU SCCS
3 opinions
| Opinion | Date | Conclusion | Max Conc. | Concerns |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SCCS/1667/24 | 25 October 2024 | insufficient data | Not determined | Data gaps on physicochemical properties and dermal penetration for Eclipse 70 coating (6% Aluminium Hydroxide + 14% Sodium Myristoyl Sarcosinate + 10% Dimethicone); coating stability and lack of dermal absorption not demonstrated |
| SCCS/1617/20 | 6 October 2020 | not safe (inhalation route) | Not safe when used in products leading to inhalation exposure | Inhalation exposure route unsafe; nano forms already restricted from inhalation use; conclusions from SCCS/1516/13 and SCCS/1580/16 unchanged for dermal use |
| SCCS/1580/16 | 7 March 2017 | safe with restrictions | 25% (dermally applied products) | Coatings (cetyl phosphate, manganese dioxide, triethoxycaprylylsilane) demonstrated safe; knowledge gaps on penetration through cuts/bruises or after long-term use |
Cosmetic Safety Profile
Same-CAS cosmetic ingredient record for cross-vertical context.
SOURCE
CosIng / Ingredients DB
EU Status
restricted
Max
25% as UV filter; nano form (20–100 nm range) permitted with specific coating requirements (silica, alumina, dimethicone, stearic acid); banned in spray products
Category
active
Pharmaceutical Data
Same-CAS pharmaceutical records from drug and bioactivity sources.
SOURCE
EMBL-EBI ChEMBL
titanium dioxide
ChEMBL Phase
Not listed
Adverse Events
46
Bioactivity
0
Food Safety Data
Same-CAS food additive, ADI, and GRAS records where available.
SOURCE
EFSA / FDA GRAS
1 records
1 food-safety record found.
View full food safety profile →Cannabis Data
Same-CAS cannabis compliance and lab records where available.
SOURCE
Cannabis regulatory / lab data
efsa substances
1 cannabis record found in efsa substances.
View full cannabis profile →Frequently Asked Questions
What regulatory lists include Titanium dioxide?
Titanium dioxide appears on 31 regulatory/inventory lists including Europe; Personal care, children; Europe; Personal care, children; Europe; Personal care - specialized bath products - bath salts, and 28 more. Source: EPA CPDat.
Is Titanium dioxide a carcinogen according to IARC?
Titanium dioxide is classified by IARC as Group 2B — possibly carcinogenic to humans (evaluated 2006). Source: IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans.
What are the occupational exposure limits for Titanium dioxide?
Occupational exposure limits for Titanium dioxide are set by OSHA, ACGIH, CAL/OSHA. 4 limit values from official agencies are documented in the database. Source: OSHA, NIOSH, ACGIH.
Is Titanium dioxide used in cosmetics?
Yes, Titanium dioxide is also indexed as a cosmetic ingredient under the name Titanium Dioxide. View the full cosmetic safety profile on the ingredient page for detailed safety data, SCCS opinions, and regulatory status.
Where does the safety data for Titanium dioxide come from?
Safety data is sourced from EPA ToxValDB, EPA CPDat, AICIS (Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme), EPA DSSTox, IARC Monographs, ECHA REACH, ILO/WHO ICSC, OSHA/NIOSH/ACGIH, CosIng / Ingredients DB, ChEMBL / DailyMed, EFSA / FDA GRAS, cannabis regulatory/lab databases. All data traces to primary regulatory sources and is updated from official government databases.
Does Titanium dioxide have different safety status in cosmetics vs industrial chemicals?
Titanium dioxide is classified GHS CMR hazard (H351) in the chemicals database but is restricted in EU cosmetics at max 25% as UV filter; nano form (20–100 nm range) permitted with specific coating requirements (silica, alumina, dimethicone, stearic acid); banned in spray products.
Is Titanium dioxide used outside industrial chemicals?
Titanium dioxide also appears in cosmetics, pharmaceutical, food safety, cannabis databases.