What is the NOAEL for 4-Oxopentanoic acid?
4-Oxopentanoic acid has 10 NOAEL studies in the database. The lowest reported value is 49.4 mg/m3 via inhalation in Human. Source: ToxValDB_GESTIS_DNEL.
NOAEL Data
REACH Registered
Cosmetic Ingredient
4-Oxopentanoic acid
Also known as: Levulinic acid, 4-03-00-01560, Acetopropionic acid, beta-Acetylpropionic acid, BRN 0506796 (+15 more)
CAS 123-76-2
4-Oxopentanoic acid (CAS 123-76-2) is a chemical substance. Key regulatory status: REACH registered, 10 regulatory/inventory lists, cosmetic ingredient cross-reference; source data from EPA ToxValDB, EPA CPDat, AICIS, ECHA REACH.
Cross-Vertical Regulatory Divergence
4-Oxopentanoic acid is classified GHS Danger (H302, H315, H317, H318, H319) in the chemicals database but is allowed in EU cosmetics.
SOURCE
Cross-vertical comparison
Cosmetics: ingredients.eu_status; Chemicals: ghs_classifications.signal_word/hazard_statement_code
SOURCE
noael studies public
NOAEL studies
10
SOURCE
chemical inventory jurisdictions
Regulatory lists
10
SOURCE
eu clp annex vi
GHS signal
Not classified
Chemical Identity
CAS, identifiers, formula, and alternate names for the matched substance record.
SOURCE
DSSTox identifiers
26 fields
Name
4-Oxopentanoic acid
CAS Number
123-76-2
DTXSID
DTXSID8021648
Molecular Formula
C5H8O3
InChI Key
JOOXCMJARBKPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Monoisotopic Mass
116.047344
Synonyms
Levulinic acid4-03-00-01560Acetopropionic acidbeta-Acetylpropionic acidBRN 0506796EINECS 204-649-2FEMA No. 26273-Ketobutane-1-carboxylic acidLaevulic acidPropionic acid, 3-acetyl-Valeric acid, 4-oxo-3-Acetylpropionsaeure
Functional Uses
Industrial and product-use categories associated with this substance.
SOURCE
EPA CPDat
14 records
Softener and conditionerFragranceFlavouring and nutrient
Regulatory Lists
Inventory, screening, and regulatory list matches from public chemical databases.
SOURCE
EPA CPDat
10 records
| List | Keyword | Source |
|---|---|---|
| pharmaceutical | US International Trade Commission | CPCat |
| Europe | European Commission | Fl@vis |
| pharmaceutical | US International Trade Commission | CPCat |
| Europe; Personal care | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| Europe; Personal care | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| Europe; Personal care | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| IFRA Transparency | IFRA | IFRA |
| food_additive; Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS) (2/2019) | FDA | United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |
| consumer_product | P&G | Proctor & Gamble |
| Canada; pharmaceutical | DrugBank | DrugBank |
NOAEL Studies
Toxicology endpoints rendered from public NOAEL study rows.
SOURCE
NOAEL studies
Showing 10 of 10 studies
| Value | Unit | Endpoint | Route | Species | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| =49.4 | mg/m3 | DNEL systemic | inhalation | Human | ToxValDB_GESTIS_DNEL |
| RYX5QG61EI | UNII | FDA UNII substance identifier | - | - | openFDA substances |
| RYX5QG61EI | UNII | FDA UNII substance identifier | - | - | openFDA substances |
| RYX5QG61EI | UNII | FDA UNII substance identifier | - | - | openFDA substances |
| RYX5QG61EI | UNII | FDA UNII substance identifier | - | - | openFDA substances |
| - | % | Incidence of positive responses | Dermal | Human | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 2700 | ug/cm2 | Induction dose per skin area | Dermal | Human | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| =1850 | mg/kg bw | LD50 | oral | Rat | NTP_ICE_acute_oral |
| 500 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | rat | COSMOS_DB |
| 3 | unitless | Relative reliability score | Dermal | Human | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
Showing 10 of 10 studies
REACH Registration
Registration status from the ECHA REACH registered substances database.
SOURCE
ECHA (EU)
1 records
| Status | Name | EC Number | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| Registered | 4-oxovaleric acid | 204-649-2 | ECHA overview → |
Australian Status (AICIS)
Australian industrial chemicals inventory status and applicable conditions.
SOURCE
AICIS inventory
1 records
Inventory Status
listed
Cosmetic Safety Profile
Same-CAS cosmetic ingredient record for cross-vertical context.
SOURCE
CosIng / Ingredients DB
EU Status
permitted
Max
-
Category
preservative
Pharmaceutical Data
Same-CAS pharmaceutical records from drug and bioactivity sources.
SOURCE
EMBL-EBI ChEMBL
LEVULINIC ACID
ChEMBL Phase
3
Adverse Events
0
Bioactivity
2
Food Safety Data
Same-CAS food additive, ADI, and GRAS records where available.
SOURCE
EFSA / FDA GRAS
1 records
ADI: No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent mg/kg bw
View full food safety profile →Cannabis Data
Same-CAS cannabis compliance and lab records where available.
SOURCE
Cannabis regulatory / lab data
efsa substances
1 cannabis record found in efsa substances.
View full cannabis profile →Frequently Asked Questions
What regulatory lists include 4-Oxopentanoic acid?
4-Oxopentanoic acid appears on 7 regulatory/inventory lists including pharmaceutical, Europe, Europe; Personal care, and 4 more. Source: EPA CPDat.
Is 4-Oxopentanoic acid used in cosmetics?
Yes, 4-Oxopentanoic acid is also indexed as a cosmetic ingredient under the name Levulinic Acid. View the full cosmetic safety profile on the ingredient page for detailed safety data, SCCS opinions, and regulatory status.
Where does the safety data for 4-Oxopentanoic acid come from?
Safety data is sourced from EPA ToxValDB, EPA CPDat, AICIS (Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme), EPA DSSTox, ECHA REACH, CosIng / Ingredients DB, ChEMBL / DailyMed, EFSA / FDA GRAS, cannabis regulatory/lab databases. All data traces to primary regulatory sources and is updated from official government databases.
Does 4-Oxopentanoic acid have different safety status in cosmetics vs industrial chemicals?
4-Oxopentanoic acid is classified GHS Danger (H302, H315, H317, H318, H319) in the chemicals database but is allowed in EU cosmetics.
Is 4-Oxopentanoic acid used outside industrial chemicals?
4-Oxopentanoic acid also appears in cosmetics, pharmaceutical, food safety, cannabis databases.