Food Safety Substance
GlycerolE422
Glycerol (E422) is a food additive with PUBLISHED in the EU, FDA has no questions in the US, and data from 10 regulatory sources.
CAS 56-81-5
E422
humectant
Indexable evidence set
FDA
FDA has no questions
ADI / TDI
EFSA ADI = 12.5 mg/kg bw/day
Codex
60 row(s)
SOURCE
D1 identity resolution
e number aliases | Food Additives | dsstox identifiers | 10 matched regulatory source group(s)
Substance Identity
Resolved identifiers used to render this food-safety record.
Substance name
Glycerol
CAS
56-81-5
E-number
E422
Food category
humectant
DTXSID
DTXSID9020663
PubChem CID
753
Evidence tier
Indexable evidence set (16)
SOURCE
EU Commission
FDA | Health Canada | Codex Alimentarius
Multi-Jurisdiction Comparison
Side-by-side status rows for the same resolved substance across public food regulators.
| Jurisdiction | Authority | Status | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | EU Commission | PUBLISHED | EU additive listing; Annex II entry |
| United States | FDA | FDA has no questions | GRAS notice |
| Canada | Health Canada | Listed | Emulsifying, stabilizing or thickening agent |
| Codex | Codex Alimentarius | Listed | Humectant; Thickener |
SOURCE
EU Commission
EU Food Additives | EU Food Additives Database
EU Food Additive Status
EU Commission food-additive listing rows from eu_food_additives.
| Jurisdiction | E-number | Status | Type | Name | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | E475 | PUBLISHED | substanceFAD | Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids | - |
| European Union | E445 | PUBLISHED | substanceFAD | Glycerol esters of wood rosins | - |
| European Union | E422 | PUBLISHED | substanceFAD | Glycerol | - |
| European Union | E476 | PUBLISHED | substanceFAD | Polyglycerol polyricinoleate | - |
SOURCE
EU Commission
EU Annex II Authorised | EU Food Additives Database
EU Annex II Authorised Uses
Authorised additive rows and use conditions from EU Annex II tables.
| Jurisdiction | E-number | Name | INS | Policy item | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | E422 | Glycerol | - | POL-FAD-IMPORT-3146 | - |
| European Union | E445 | Glycerol esters of wood rosins | - | POL-FAD-IMPORT-3160 | - |
| European Union | E475 | Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids | - | POL-FAD-IMPORT-3186 | - |
| European Union | E476 | Polyglycerol polyricinoleate | - | POL-FAD-IMPORT-3187 | - |
Conditions and restrictions
| Jurisdiction | Food category | Restriction | Comment | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | 5.1 Cocoa and chocolate products as covered by Directive 2000/36/EC | quantum satis | - | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 11.4.1 table-top sweeteners in liquid form | quantum satis | - | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 5.1 Cocoa and chocolate products as covered by Directive 2000/36/EC | quantum satis | - | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 11.4.1 table-top sweeteners in liquid form | quantum satis | - | EU Food Additives Database |
SOURCE
Codex Alimentarius
Codex GSFA
Codex GSFA Status
Codex Alimentarius GSFA permissions and maximum-use rows.
| Jurisdiction | INS / E-number | Function | Food category | Max level | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Codex | 422 | Humectant; Thickener | 01.2.2 Renneted milk (plain) | GMP | - |
| Codex | 422 | Humectant; Thickener | 04.2.2.7 Fermented vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera) and seaweed products, excluding fermented soybean products of food categories 06.8.6, 06.8.7, 12.9.1, 12.9.2.1 and 12.9.2.3 | GMP | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Gochujang (CXS 294-2009).; Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Pickled Fruits and Vegetables (CODEX STAN 260-2007). |
| Codex | 422 | Humectant; Thickener | 06.4.1 Fresh pastas and noodles and like products | GMP | For use in noodles only. |
| Codex | 422 | Humectant; Thickener | 08.1.1 Fresh meat, poultry, and game, whole pieces or cuts | GMP | For use in fresh meat, poultry and game products only.; For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only. |
| Codex | 422 | Humectant; Thickener | 08.1.2 Fresh meat, poultry, and game, comminuted | GMP | - |
| Codex | 422 | Humectant; Thickener | 09.2.2 Frozen battered fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | GMP | For use in breading or batter coatings only.; Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Quick Frozen Fish Sticks (Fish Fingers), Fish Portions and Fish Fillets – Breaded... |
| Codex | 422 | Humectant; Thickener | 09.2.3 Frozen minced and creamed fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | GMP | - |
| Codex | 422 | Humectant; Thickener | 09.2.4.1 Cooked fish and fish products | GMP | For use in surimi products only. |
| Codex | 422 | Humectant; Thickener | 09.2.4.3 Fried fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | GMP | For use in breading or batter coatings only. |
| Codex | 422 | Humectant; Thickener | 09.2.5 Smoked, dried, fermented, and/or salted fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | GMP | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Salted Atlantic Herring and Salted Sprat (CODEX STAN 244-2004).; Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Dried Shark... |
| Codex | 422 | Humectant; Thickener | 10.2.2 Frozen egg products | GMP | - |
| Codex | 422 | Humectant; Thickener | 11.4 Other sugars and syrups (e.g. xylose, maple syrup, sugar toppings) | GMP | Excluding maple syrup. |
| Codex | 422 | Humectant; Thickener | 12.1.2 Salt Substitutes | GMP | - |
| Codex | 422 | Humectant; Thickener | 14.1.5 Coffee, coffee substitutes, tea, herbal infusions, and other hot cereal and grain beverages, excluding cocoa | GMP | For use in ready-to-drink products and pre-mixes for ready-to-drink products only. |
| Codex | 445(iii) | Emulsifier; Stabilizer | 04.1.1.2 Surface-treated fresh fruit | 110 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 445(iii) | Emulsifier; Stabilizer | 04.2.1.2 Surface-treated fresh vegetables (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), seaweeds, and nuts and seeds | 110 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 445(iii) | Emulsifier; Stabilizer | 14.1.4 Water-based flavoured drinks, including sport, energy, or electrolyte drinks and particulated drinks | 150 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 472a | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 01.1.2 Other fluid milk (plain) | GMP | Excluding all fluid milks that are not mineral or vitamin fortified. |
| Codex | 472a | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 01.2.1.1 Fermented milks (plain), not heat-treated after fermentation | GMP | For use as a stabilizer or thickener only.; For use in products conforming to the Standard for Fermented Milks (CXS243-2003) only.; For use in reconstituted and recombined... |
| Codex | 472a | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 01.2.1.2 Fermented milks (plain), heat-treated after fermentation | GMP | For use as a stabilizer or thickener only. |
| Codex | 472a | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 01.2.2 Renneted milk (plain) | GMP | - |
| Codex | 472a | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 01.4.1 Pasteurized cream (plain) | GMP | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Cream and Prepared Creams (CXS 288-1976) |
| Codex | 472a | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 01.4.2 Sterilized and UHT creams, whipping and whipped creams, and reduced fat creams (plain) | GMP | - |
| Codex | 472a | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 04.1.1.2 Surface-treated fresh fruit | GMP | For use in waxes, coatings or glazes where these surface treatments are allowed for application to the surface of fresh fruit. |
| Codex | 472a | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 06.4.1 Fresh pastas and noodles and like products | GMP | For use in noodles only. |
| Codex | 472a | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 08.1.1 Fresh meat, poultry, and game, whole pieces or cuts | GMP | For use in fresh meat, poultry and game products only.; For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only. |
| Codex | 472a | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 08.1.2 Fresh meat, poultry, and game, comminuted | GMP | For use in fresh minced meat which contains other ingredients apart from comminuted meat only. |
| Codex | 472a | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 09.2.1 Frozen fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | GMP | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Quick Frozen Lobsters (CODEX STAN 95-1981).; Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Quick Frozen Finfish... |
| Codex | 472a | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 09.2.2 Frozen battered fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | GMP | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Quick Frozen Fish Sticks (Fish Fingers), Fish Portions and Fish Fillets – Breaded or in Batter (CODEX STAN 166-1989).; For use in... |
| Codex | 472a | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 09.2.3 Frozen minced and creamed fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | GMP | For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only. |
| Codex | 472a | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 09.2.4.1 Cooked fish and fish products | GMP | For use in surimi products only. |
| Codex | 472a | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 09.2.4.3 Fried fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | GMP | For use in breading or batter coatings only. |
| Codex | 472a | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 09.2.5 Smoked, dried, fermented, and/or salted fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | GMP | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Crackers from Marine and Freshwater Fish, Crustaceans and Molluscan Shellfish (CODEX STAN 222-2001).; Excluding products... |
| Codex | 472a | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 11.4 Other sugars and syrups (e.g. xylose, maple syrup, sugar toppings) | GMP | Excluding maple syrup. |
| Codex | 472a | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 12.1.2 Salt Substitutes | GMP | - |
| Codex | 472a | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 13.2 Complementary foods for infants and young children | 5,000 mg/kg | Singly or in combination: INS 471, 472a, 472b and 472c in products conforming to the Standard for Processed Cereal-Based Foods for Infants and Young Children (CODEX STAN... |
| Codex | 472a | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 14.1.5 Coffee, coffee substitutes, tea, herbal infusions, and other hot cereal and grain beverages, excluding cocoa | GMP | For use in ready-to-drink products and pre-mixes for ready-to-drink products only. |
| Codex | 472b | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 01.1.2 Other fluid milk (plain) | GMP | Excluding all fluid milks that are not mineral or vitamin fortified. |
| Codex | 472b | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 01.2.1.2 Fermented milks (plain), heat-treated after fermentation | GMP | For use as a stabilizer or thickener only. |
| Codex | 472b | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 01.2.2 Renneted milk (plain) | GMP | - |
| Codex | 472b | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 01.4.1 Pasteurized cream (plain) | GMP | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Cream and Prepared Creams (reconstituted cream, recombined cream, prepackaged liquid cream) (CODEX STAN 288-1976). |
| Codex | 472b | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 01.4.2 Sterilized and UHT creams, whipping and whipped creams, and reduced fat creams (plain) | GMP | - |
| Codex | 472b | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 06.4.1 Fresh pastas and noodles and like products | GMP | For use in noodles only. |
| Codex | 472b | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 08.1.1 Fresh meat, poultry, and game, whole pieces or cuts | GMP | For use in fresh meat, poultry and game products only.; For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only. |
| Codex | 472b | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 08.1.2 Fresh meat, poultry, and game, comminuted | GMP | For use in fresh minced meat which contains other ingredients apart from comminuted meat only. |
| Codex | 472b | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 09.2.1 Frozen fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | GMP | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Quick Frozen Blocks of Fish Fillet, Minced Fish Flesh and Mixtures of Fillets and Minced Fish Flesh (CODEX STAN 165-1989).;... |
| Codex | 472b | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 09.2.2 Frozen battered fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | GMP | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Quick Frozen Fish Sticks (Fish Fingers), Fish Portions and Fish Fillets – Breaded or in Batter (CODEX STAN 166-1989).; For use in... |
| Codex | 472b | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 09.2.3 Frozen minced and creamed fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | GMP | For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only. |
| Codex | 472b | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 09.2.4.1 Cooked fish and fish products | GMP | For use in surimi products only. |
| Codex | 472b | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 09.2.4.3 Fried fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | GMP | For use in breading or batter coatings only. |
| Codex | 472b | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 09.2.5 Smoked, dried, fermented, and/or salted fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | GMP | For use in salted squid only.; Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Salted Fish and Dried Salted Fish of the Gadidae Family of Fishes (CODEX STAN 167-1989).;... |
| Codex | 472b | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 11.4 Other sugars and syrups (e.g. xylose, maple syrup, sugar toppings) | GMP | Excluding maple syrup. |
| Codex | 472b | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 12.1.2 Salt Substitutes | GMP | - |
| Codex | 472b | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 13.2 Complementary foods for infants and young children | 5,000 mg/kg | Singly or in combination: INS 471, 472a, 472b and 472c in products conforming to the Standard for Processed Cereal-Based Foods for Infants and Young Children (CODEX STAN... |
| Codex | 472b | Emulsifier; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 14.1.5 Coffee, coffee substitutes, tea, herbal infusions, and other hot cereal and grain beverages, excluding cocoa | GMP | For use in ready-to-drink products and pre-mixes for ready-to-drink products only. |
| Codex | 472c | Antioxidant; Emulsifier; Flour treatment agent; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 01.1.2 Other fluid milk (plain) | GMP | Excluding all fluid milks that are not mineral or vitamin fortified. |
| Codex | 472c | Antioxidant; Emulsifier; Flour treatment agent; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 01.2.1.1 Fermented milks (plain), not heat-treated after fermentation | GMP | For use in reconstituted and recombined products conforming to the Standard for Fermented Milks (CXS 243-2003) only.; For use as a stabilizer or thickener only.; For use in... |
| Codex | 472c | Antioxidant; Emulsifier; Flour treatment agent; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 01.2.1.2 Fermented milks (plain), heat-treated after fermentation | GMP | For use as a stabilizer or thickener only. |
| Codex | 472c | Antioxidant; Emulsifier; Flour treatment agent; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 01.2.2 Renneted milk (plain) | GMP | - |
| Codex | 472c | Antioxidant; Emulsifier; Flour treatment agent; Sequestrant; Stabilizer | 01.4.1 Pasteurized cream (plain) | GMP | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Cream and Prepared Creams (CXS 288-1976) |
SOURCE
FDA
FDA GRAS
FDA GRAS Status
US FDA GRAS notice evidence from enriched and notice tables.
| Jurisdiction | GRN | Substance | FDA response | Intended use | Basis | Notifier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 9 | Polyglycerol polyricinoleic acid | FDA has no questions | Use in chocolate as an emulsifier at a level up to 0.3 percent | Scientific procedures | Quest International |
| United States | 56 | Diacylglycerol oil | FDA has no questions | Substitute for vegetable oils | Scientific procedures | Kao Corporation |
| United States | 108 | Glycerol ester of gum rosin | Notice does not provide a basis for a GRAS determination | Use in citrus oils that are added to beverages to increase the density of the citrus oil and to act as an emulsifier at a maximum level of 100 parts per million | Scientific procedures | T&R Chemicals, Inc. |
| United States | 115 | Diacylglycerol oil | FDA has no questions | Use as a substitute for vegetable oils in bakery products, salad dressings, mayonnaise, pizza, breakfast/snack/power bars, soups and gravies, meal replacements, and frozen dinner... | Scientific procedures | ADM Kao L.L.C. |
| United States | 179 | Polyglycerol polyricinoleic acid | FDA has no questions | Emulsifier in margarines, low fat margarines, spreads, creamers and dairy analogs at levels no greater than 1.0 percent | Scientific procedures | Stepan Company |
| United States | 266 | Polyglycerol polyricinoleate | FDA has no questions | As an emulsifier in chocolate-type products based on vegetable fats other than cocoa butter, at levels up to 0.3 percent and in accordance with good manufacturing practices | Scientific procedures | Palsgaard A/S |
| United States | 269 | Polyglycerol fatty acid esters with a degree of polymerization of 11 to 40 for the polyglycerol backbone | FDA has no questions | As emulsifiers at levels ranging from 0.05 - 0.5 per cent in conventional food and zinc- or iron-providing dietary supplements, and as cloud inhibitors at levels ranging from 0.05... | Scientific procedures | Taiyo-Kagaku Co., Ltd. |
| United States | 270 | Polyglycerol polyricinoleic acid | FDA has no questions | As an emulsifier in the formulation of color additives, intended for use in processed foods for which colors are permitted, with limitation based on good manufacturing practices | Scientific procedures | Stepan Company |
| United States | 466 | Polyglycerol polyricinoleic acid | FDA has no questions | As an emulsifier in condiments and spreads at levels up to 0.28%, in flavors at levels up to 0.1%, and in snacks (cheese powders) at levels up to 0.15% | Scientific procedures | McCormick & Company, Inc. |
| United States | 583 | Esterified propoxylated glycerol | FDA has no questions | For use as a fat replacer at up to 34.5 % in confectionary coatings used in baked goods and baking mixes (biscuit items, bakery items and ice-cream inclusions), frozen dairy... | Scientific procedures | Choco Finesse, LLC |
| United States | 631 | Triacylglycerol lipase from Fusarium oxysporum produced in Trichoderma reesei | FDA has no questions | For use in the production of baked goods not to exceed 10 mg TOS/kg | Scientific procedures | AB Enzymes GmbH |
| United States | 640 | Esterified propoxylated glycerol | FDA has no questions | For use as a fat replacer at levels up to 38 percent by weight in baked goods and baking mixes, frozen dairy desserts and mixes, grain products and pasta, gravies and sauces, nuts... | Scientific procedures | Choco Finesse, LLC |
| United States | 648 | Monoglycerides | FDA has no questions | For use as a surface-finishing agent and/or texturizer, creating a thin and edible physical barrier against moisture loss and oxidation to protect the freshness and extend the... | Scientific procedures | Apeel Sciences |
| United States | 708 | Triacylglycerol lipase from Rhizopus oryzae produced in Aspergillus niger | At the notifier's request, FDA ceased to evaluate this notice | For use in the production of cocoa butter substitutes at a rate of 0.3-1 kg of lipase (and carrier) per ton of lipid. | Scientific procedures | Advanced Enzyme Technologies Ltd. |
| United States | 761 | Esterified propoxylated glycerol | FDA has no questions | For use as a fry oil in commercial French fries and doughnut production. | Scientific procedures | Choco Finesse, LLC |
| United States | 783 | Triacylglycerol lipase from Rhizopus oryzae produced in Aspergillus niger | FDA has no questions | For use in the in the production of cocoa butter substitutes and human milk fat substitutes at a maximum level of 1 kg of lipase enzyme preparation per ton of fat raw material. | Scientific procedures | Advanced Enzyme Technologies Ltd |
| United States | 914 | Alpha-linolenic acid diacylglycerol | FDA has no questions | Intended for use as a partial replacement for edible salad oils and other dressings sprayed onto salads, vegetables and other finished foods at a level of 2.5 g per serving. | Scientific procedures | Kao Corporation |
| United States | 1049 | Medium-chain triacylglycerols | FDA has no questions | Intended for use as a source of fat in cow milk-based, exempt infant formula for term infants at a level up to 50% of total fat by weight. | Scientific procedures | Nestlé Nutrition |
| United States | 1105 | Polyglycerol polyricinoleic acid | FDA has no questions | Intended for use as an emulsifier at levels up to 0.5% in chocolate and chocolate-type products based on vegetable fats other than cocoa butter, and at levels up to 0.8% in... | Scientific procedures | Unilever |
| United States | 1150 | Triacylglycerol lipase enzyme preparation produced by Trichoderma reesei expressing a gene for triacylglycerol lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosis | At the notifier's request, FDA ceased to evaluate this notice | Intended for use as an enzyme at up to 4 mg Total Organic Solids/kg cereal in the production of baked goods and other cereal based products. | Scientific procedures | AB Enzymes Inc. |
| United States | 1154 | Triacylglycerol lipase enzyme preparation produced by Komagataella phaffii expressing the gene encoding lipase from Fusarium oxysporum | FDA has no questions | Intended for use as an enzyme at up to 8.46 mg total organic solids (TOS)/kg flour in baking. | Scientific procedures | Lallemand Inc. |
| United States | 1161 | Triacylglycerol lipase enzyme preparation produced by Candida cylindracea | FDA has no questions | Intended for use as an enzyme at up to 1500 mg Total Organic Solids/kg raw material in the manufacture of cheeses and edible oils, as well as in various brewing, flavoring, and... | Scientific procedures | Meito Sangyo Co., Ltd. |
| United States | 1196 | Triacylglycerol lipase enzyme preparation produced by Trichoderma reesei expressing a gene encoding an engineered triacylglycerol lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus | FDA has no questions | Intended for use as an enzyme at up to 4 mg Total Organic Solids (TOS)/kg flour in the production of baked goods and other cereal based products. | Scientific procedures | AB Enzymes Inc. |
| United States | 9 | Polyglycerol polyricinoleic acid | FDA has no questions | Use in chocolate as an emulsifier at a level up to 0.3 percent | Scientific procedures | Quest International |
| United States | 56 | Diacylglycerol oil | FDA has no questions | Substitute for vegetable oils | Scientific procedures | Kao Corporation |
| United States | 108 | Glycerol ester of gum rosin | Notice does not provide a basis for a GRAS determination | Use in citrus oils that are added to beverages to increase the density of the citrus oil and to act as an emulsifier at a maximum level of 100 parts per million | Scientific procedures | T&R Chemicals, Inc. |
| United States | 115 | Diacylglycerol oil | FDA has no questions | Use as a substitute for vegetable oils in bakery products, salad dressings, mayonnaise, pizza, breakfast/snack/power bars, soups and gravies, meal replacements, and frozen dinner... | Scientific procedures | ADM Kao L.L.C. |
| United States | 179 | Polyglycerol polyricinoleic acid | FDA has no questions | Emulsifier in margarines, low fat margarines, spreads, creamers and dairy analogs at levels no greater than 1.0 percent | Scientific procedures | Stepan Company |
| United States | 266 | Polyglycerol polyricinoleate | FDA has no questions | As an emulsifier in chocolate-type products based on vegetable fats other than cocoa butter, at levels up to 0.3 percent and in accordance with good manufacturing practices | Scientific procedures | Palsgaard A/S |
| United States | 269 | Polyglycerol fatty acid esters with a degree of polymerization of 11 to 40 for the polyglycerol backbone | FDA has no questions | As emulsifiers at levels ranging from 0.05 - 0.5 per cent in conventional food and zinc- or iron-providing dietary supplements, and as cloud inhibitors at levels ranging from 0.05... | Scientific procedures | Taiyo-Kagaku Co., Ltd. |
| United States | 270 | Polyglycerol polyricinoleic acid | FDA has no questions | As an emulsifier in the formulation of color additives, intended for use in processed foods for which colors are permitted, with limitation based on good manufacturing practices | Scientific procedures | Stepan Company |
| United States | 466 | Polyglycerol polyricinoleic acid | FDA has no questions | As an emulsifier in condiments and spreads at levels up to 0.28%, in flavors at levels up to 0.1%, and in snacks (cheese powders) at levels up to 0.15% | Scientific procedures | McCormick & Company, Inc. |
| United States | 583 | Esterified propoxylated glycerol | FDA has no questions | For use as a fat replacer at up to 34.5 % in confectionary coatings used in baked goods and baking mixes (biscuit items, bakery items and ice-cream inclusions), frozen dairy... | Scientific procedures | Choco Finesse, LLC |
| United States | 631 | Triacylglycerol lipase from <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> produced in <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> | FDA has no questions | For use in the production of baked goods not to exceed 10 mg TOS/kg | Scientific procedures | AB Enzymes GmbH |
| United States | 640 | Esterified propoxylated glycerol | FDA has no questions | For use as a fat replacer at levels up to 38 percent by weight in baked goods and baking mixes, frozen dairy desserts and mixes, grain products and pasta, gravies and sauces, nuts... | Scientific procedures | Choco Finesse, LLC |
| United States | 708 | Triacylglycerol lipase from <I>Rhizopus oryzae</I> produced in <I>Aspergillus niger</I> | At the notifier's request, FDA ceased to evaluate this notice (in PDF) | For use in the production of cocoa butter substitutes at a rate of 0.3-1 kg of lipase (and carrier) per ton of lipid. | Scientific procedures | Advanced Enzyme Technologies Ltd. |
| United States | 761 | Esterified propoxylated glycerol | FDA has no questions (in PDF) | For use as a fry oil in commercial French fries and doughnut production. | Scientific procedures | Choco Finesse, LLC |
| United States | 783 | <I>Triacylglycerol lipase</I> from <I>Rhizopus oryzae</I> produced in <I>Aspergillus niger | FDA has no questions (in PDF) | For use in the in the production of cocoa butter substitutes and human milk fat substitutes at a maximum level of 1 kg of lipase enzyme preparation per ton of fat raw material. | Scientific procedures | Advanced Enzyme Technologies Ltd |
| United States | 914 | Alpha-linolenic acid diacylglycerol | FDA has no questions (in PDF) | Intended for use as a partial replacement for edible salad oils and other dressings sprayed onto salads, vegetables and other finished foods at a level of 2.5 g per serving. | Scientific procedures | Kao Corporation |
| United States | 1049 | Medium-chain triacylglycerols | FDA has no questions (in PDF) | Intended for use as a source of fat in cow milk-based, exempt infant formula for term infants at a level up to 50% of total fat by weight. | Scientific procedures | Nestl� Nutrition |
| United States | 1105 | Polyglycerol polyricinoleic acid | FDA has no questions (in PDF) | Intended for use as an emulsifier at levels up to 0.5% in chocolate and chocolate-type products based on vegetable fats other than cocoa butter, and at levels up to 0.8% in... | Scientific procedures | Unilever |
| United States | 1150 | Triacylglycerol lipase enzyme preparation produced by <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> expressing a gene for triacylglycerol lipase from <i>Thermomyces lanuginosis</i> | At the notifier's request, FDA ceased to evaluate this notice (in PDF) | Intended for use as an enzyme at up to 4 mg Total Organic Solids/kg cereal in the production of baked goods and other cereal based products. | Scientific procedures | AB Enzymes Inc. |
| United States | 1154 | Triacylglycerol lipase enzyme preparation produced by <i>Komagataella phaffii</i> expressing the gene encoding lipase from <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> | FDA has no questions (in PDF) | Intended for use as an enzyme at up to 8.46 mg total organic solids (TOS)/kg flour in baking. | Scientific procedures | Lallemand Inc. |
| United States | 1161 | Triacylglycerol lipase enzyme preparation produced by <i>Candida cylindracea</i> | FDA has no questions (in PDF) | Intended for use as an enzyme at up to 1500 mg Total Organic Solids/kg raw material in the manufacture of cheeses and edible oils, as well as in various brewing, flavoring, and... | Scientific procedures | Meito Sangyo Co., Ltd. |
| United States | 1196 | Triacylglycerol lipase enzyme preparation produced by <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> expressing a gene encoding an engineered triacylglycerol lipase from <i>Thermomyces lanuginosus</i> | FDA has no questions (in PDF) | Intended for use as an enzyme at up to 4 mg Total Organic Solids (TOS)/kg flour in the production of baked goods and other cereal based products. | Scientific procedures | AB Enzymes Inc. |
SOURCE
Health Canada
Health Canada Status
Health Canada food-additive permissions by functional class and food scope.
| Jurisdiction | Class | Permitted foods | Maximum level | List |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Canada | Emulsifying, stabilizing or thickening agent | (a)Calorie-reduced margarine | (a)If used singly, the amount not to exceed 2,000 ppm. If used in any combination with other emulsifying, stabilizing or thickening agents, or gelling agents, the total combined amount not to exceed 5,000 ppm, provided that the amount of polyglycerol esters of fatty acids does not exceed 2,000 ppm. This total combined amount does not include any of gelatin, lecithin, monoglycerides, mono- and diglycerides or sorbitan tristearate that may be added up to their respective maximum levels of use set out in this list. | List of Permitted Emulsifying, Gelling, Stabilizing or Thickening Agents |
| Canada | Emulsifying agent | (a.1) (Naming the flavour) flavour | (a.1) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Emulsifying, Gelling, Stabilizing or Thickening Agents |
| Canada | Emulsifying agent | (b)Vegetable oils, except olive oil | (b)250 ppm | List of Permitted Emulsifying, Gelling, Stabilizing or Thickening Agents |
| Canada | Emulsifying, stabilizing or thickening agent | (c)Unstandardized foods | (c)Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Emulsifying, Gelling, Stabilizing or Thickening Agents |
| Canada | Emulsifying agent | (a)Chocolate products as defined in Volume 4 of the Food Compositional Standards Document | (a)If used singly, the amount not to exceed 0.5%. If used in any combination with other emulsifying agents, the total combined amount not to exceed 1.5%, provided that the amount of polyglycerol esters of interesterified castor oil fatty acids does not exceed 0.5%. | List of Permitted Emulsifying, Gelling, Stabilizing or Thickening Agents |
| Canada | Emulsifying, stabilizing or thickening agent | (b)Edible vegetable oil-based pan coating emulsions for use on baking pans | (b)2.0% | List of Permitted Emulsifying, Gelling, Stabilizing or Thickening Agents |
| Canada | Emulsifying agent | (c)Unstandardized chocolate confectionery | (c)5,000 ppm | List of Permitted Emulsifying, Gelling, Stabilizing or Thickening Agents |
| Canada | Emulsifying, stabilizing or thickening agent | (d)Unstandardized chocolate flavoured confectionery coatings | (d)5,000 ppm | List of Permitted Emulsifying, Gelling, Stabilizing or Thickening Agents |
| Canada | Emulsifying agent | (e) Unstandardized emulsified dips; Unstandardized emulsified sauces; Unstandardized emulsified spreads | (e) 8,000 ppm | List of Permitted Emulsifying, Gelling, Stabilizing or Thickening Agents |
| Canada | Humectant | - | (a) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Food Additives with Other Purposes of Use |
| Canada | Glazing agent | - | (b) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Food Additives with Other Purposes of Use |
| Canada | Humectant; Plasticizing agent | - | (c) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Food Additives with Other Purposes of Use |
| Canada | Density adjusting agent | - | If used singly, the total amount not to exceed 100 ppm. If used in combination with glycerol ester of tall oil rosin or glycerol ester of wood rosin, or both, the total combined amount not to exceed 100 ppm. | List of Permitted Food Additives with Other Purposes of Use |
| Canada | Density adjusting agent | - | If used singly, the total amount not to exceed 100 ppm. If used in combination with glycerol ester of gum rosin or glycerol ester of wood rosin, or both, the total combined amount not to exceed 100 ppm. | List of Permitted Food Additives with Other Purposes of Use |
| Canada | Density adjusting agent | - | If used singly, the total amount not to exceed 100 ppm. If used in combination with glycerol ester of gum rosin or glycerol ester of tall oil rosin, or both, the total combined amount not to exceed 100 ppm. | List of Permitted Food Additives with Other Purposes of Use |
| Canada | Carrier solvent | (a) (Naming the flavour) essence; (Naming the flavour) extract; (Naming the flavour) flavour | (a) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Solvents |
| Canada | Carrier solvent | (b) Food additive preparations | (b) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Solvents |
| Canada | Carrier solvent | (c) Non-flavouring extract preparations | (c) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Solvents |
| Canada | Carrier solvent | (d) Unstandardized flavouring preparations | (d) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Solvents |
SOURCE
EU Commission
EU Food Contact Materials
EU FCM Substances
EU food-contact material rows and migration-limit fields.
| Jurisdiction | FCM no. | Ref no. | Substance | Use | SML | Regulation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | 9 | 30610 | acids, C2-C24, aliphatic, linear, monocarboxylic from natural oils and fats, and their mono-, di- and triglycerol esters (branched fatty acids at naturally occuring levels are included) | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 10 | 30612 | acids, C2-C24, aliphatic, linear, monocarboxylic, synthetic and their mono-, di- and triglycerol esters | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 11 | 30960 | acids, aliphatic, monocarboxylic (C6-C22), esters with polyglycerol | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 40 | 56360 | glycerol, esters with acetic acid | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 41 | 56486 | glycerol, esters with acids, aliphatic, saturated, linear, with an even number of carbon atoms (C14-C18) and with acids, aliphatic, unsaturated, linear, with an even number of carbon atoms (C16-C18) | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 42 | 56487 | glycerol, esters with butyric acid | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 43 | 56490 | glycerol, esters with erucic acid | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 44 | 56495 | glycerol, esters with 12-hydroxystearic acid | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 45 | 56500 | glycerol, esters with lauric acid | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 46 | 56510 | glycerol, esters with linoleic acid | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 47 | 56520 | glycerol, esters with myristic acid | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 48 | 56535 | glycerol, esters with nonanoic acid | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 49 | 56540 | glycerol, esters with oleic acid | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 50 | 56550 | glycerol, esters with palmitic acid | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 51 | 56570 | glycerol, esters with propionic acid | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 52 | 56580 | glycerol, esters with ricinoleic acid | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 53 | 56585 | glycerol, esters with stearic acid | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 54 | 57040 | glycerol monooleate, ester with ascorbic acid | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 55 | 57120 | glycerol monooleate, ester with citric acid | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 56 | 57200 | glycerol monopalmitate, ester with ascorbic acid | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 57 | 57280 | glycerol monopalmitate, ester with citric acid | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 58 | 57600 | glycerol monostearate, ester with ascorbic acid | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 59 | 57680 | glycerol monostearate, ester with citric acid | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 67 | 67840 | montanic acids and/or their esters with ethyleneglycol and/or with 1,3-butanediol and/or with glycerol | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 72 | 76815 | polyester of adipic acid with glycerol or pentaerythritol, esters with even numbered, unbranched C12-C22 fatty acids | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
SOURCE
JECFA
JECFA ADI
JECFA ADI Values
JECFA ADI records and evaluation years.
| Jurisdiction | Chemical name | JECFA no. | CAS | ADI | ADI upper | Function | Evaluation year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JECFA | ACETYLATED DISTARCH GLYCEROL | - | - | NO ADI ALLOCATED | - | THICKENER, EMULSIFIER | 1982 |
| JECFA | ACETIC and FATTY ACID ESTERS of GLYCEROL | - | - | NOT LIMITED | - | EMULSIFIER | 1973 |
| JECFA | GLYCEROL DIACETATE | - | 25395-31-7 | NOT SPECIFIED | - | CARRIER_SOLVENT | 1976 |
| JECFA | DIACETYLTARTARIC and FATTY ACID ESTERS of GLYCEROL | - | - | 0-50 mg/kg bw | 50 | EMULSIFIER | 2003 |
| JECFA | CITRIC and FATTY ACID ESTERS of GLYCEROL | - | - | NOT LIMITED | - | ANTIOXIDANT_SYNERGIST, EMULSIFIER, FLOUR_TREATMENT_AGENT, STABILIZER, SYNERGIST | 2019 |
| JECFA | GLYCEROL | 909 | 56-81-5 | NOT SPECIFIED (1976) | - | THICKENER, FLAVOURING_AGENT, CARRIER_SOLVENT, EMULSIFIER, HUMECTANT | 2002 |
| JECFA | HYDROXYPROPYL DISTARCH GLYCEROL | - | - | NO ADI ALLOCATED | - | THICKENER, EMULSIFIER | 1982 |
| JECFA | LACTIC and FATTY ACID ESTERS of GLYCEROL | - | 31566-31-1 (Glyceryl stearate) | NOT LIMITED | - | EMULSIFIER | 1973 |
| JECFA | OXIDIZED HYDROXYPROPYL DISTARCH GLYCEROL | - | - | NO ADI ALLOCATED | - | THICKENER, EMULSIFIER | 1982 |
| JECFA | GLYCEROL MONOSTEARATE | 918 | - | No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent | - | FLAVOURING_AGENT | 2002 |
| JECFA | (-)-MENTHONE 1,2-GLYCEROL KETAL | 445 | - | No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent | - | FLAVOURING_AGENT | 1998 |
| JECFA | GLYCEROL 5-HYDROXYDODECANOATE | 924 | - | No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent | - | FLAVOURING_AGENT | 2002 |
| JECFA | GLYCEROL 5-HYDROXYDECANOATE | 923 | - | No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent | - | FLAVOURING_AGENT | 2002 |
| JECFA | DISTARCH GLYCEROL | - | - | NO ADI ALLOCATED | - | THICKENER, EMULSIFIER | 1982 |
| JECFA | POLYGLYCEROL ESTERS OF POLYCONDENSED FATTY ACIDS FROM CASTOR OIL | - | - | no_data | - | - | 1973 |
| JECFA | ESTERS of GLYCEROL and THERMALLY OXIDIZED SOY BEAN FATTY ACIDS | - | - | NO ADI ALLOCATED | - | EMULSIFIER | 1980 |
| JECFA | POLYGLYCEROL ESTERS of FATTY ACIDS | - | - | 0-25 mg/kg bw | 25 | EMULSIFIER | 2024 |
| JECFA | TARTARIC, ACETIC and FATTY ACID ESTERS of GLYCEROL, mixed | - | - | WITHDRAWN | - | EMULSIFIER | 2001 |
| JECFA | POLYGLYCEROL ESTERS of INTERESTERIFIED RICINOLEIC ACID | - | - | 0-7.5 mg/kg bw | 7.5 | EMULSIFIER | 1973 |
| JECFA | DL-MENTHONE 1,2-GLYCEROL KETAL | 446 | - | No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent | - | FLAVOURING_AGENT | 1998 |
| JECFA | GLYCEROL ESTER of TALL OIL ROSIN (GETOR) | - | - | no_data | - | EMULSIFIER | 2013 |
| JECFA | Glycerol ester hydrolase | - | - | no_data | - | - | 2015 |
| JECFA | Triacylglycerol ester hydrolase | - | - | no_data | - | - | 2015 |
| JECFA | GLYCEROL ESTER of WOOD ROSIN | - | - | 0-25 mg/kg bw | 25 | ADJUVANT, BULKING_AGENT, CHEWING_GUM_BASE_COMPOUND, EMULSIFIER, STABILIZER | 2018 |
| JECFA | GLYCEROL ESTER of GUM ROSIN (GEGR) | - | - | 0-25 | 25 | EMULSIFIER | 2015 |
SOURCE
ingredients
ghs classifications
Cross-Reference to Cosmetics / Chemicals / Pharma
Same-CAS public rows from adjacent Roots verticals where available.
SOURCE
Cross-vertical comparison
ingredients | ghs classifications
Cross-Vertical Regulatory Divergence
This substance has different regulatory treatment across food, cosmetics, and industrial use.
SOURCE
FAQPage JSON-LD
public food renderer rows
Frequently Asked Questions
Food-use, safety, ADI, and cross-vertical answers mirrored into FAQPage JSON-LD.
What is Glycerol used for in food?
Glycerol appears in food-use rows as: Preservative/Humectant; Humectant; Thickener; Emulsifying, stabilizing or thickening agent.
Is Glycerol / E422 safe?
This page does not assign a standalone safety verdict; it renders public regulatory evidence. ADI/reference value: EFSA ADI = 12.5 mg/kg bw/day. EU status evidence: PUBLISHED. US/FDA evidence: FDA has no questions.
What is the ADI for Glycerol?
Glycerol has this ADI/reference value in the food-safety tables: EFSA ADI = 12.5 mg/kg bw/day. Source: EFSA ANS 2018.
Is Glycerol also used in cosmetics?
Glycerol has a same-CAS cosmetics cross-reference: Glycerin, EU status permitted.