Food Safety Substance
FD&C Blue No. 1E133
FD&C Blue No. 1 (E133) is a food additive with PUBLISHED in the EU, Approved; FDA voluntary phase-out plan by end 2026 (Apr 2025) in the US, and data from 6 regulatory sources.
CAS 3844-45-9
E133
Indexable evidence set
FDA
Approved; FDA voluntary phase-out plan by end 2026 (Apr 2025)
ADI / TDI
ADI 6 mg/kg bw/day
Codex
60 row(s)
SOURCE
D1 identity resolution
e number aliases | Food Additives | dsstox identifiers | 6 matched regulatory source group(s)
Substance Identity
Resolved identifiers used to render this food-safety record.
Substance name
FD&C Blue No. 1
CAS
3844-45-9
E-number
E133
DTXSID
DTXSID2020189
PubChem CID
19700
Evidence tier
Indexable evidence set (12)
SOURCE
EU Commission
FDA | Health Canada | Codex Alimentarius
Multi-Jurisdiction Comparison
Side-by-side status rows for the same resolved substance across public food regulators.
| Jurisdiction | Authority | Status | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | EU Commission | PUBLISHED | EU additive listing; Annex II entry |
| Codex | Codex Alimentarius | Listed | Colour |
SOURCE
EU Commission
EU Food Additives | EU Food Additives Database
EU Food Additive Status
EU Commission food-additive listing rows from eu_food_additives.
| Jurisdiction | E-number | Status | Type | Name | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | E133 | PUBLISHED | substanceFAD | Brilliant Blue FCF | - |
SOURCE
EU Commission
EU Annex II Authorised | EU Food Additives Database
EU Annex II Authorised Uses
Authorised additive rows and use conditions from EU Annex II tables.
| Jurisdiction | E-number | Name | INS | Policy item | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | E133 | Brilliant Blue FCF | - | POL-FAD-IMPORT-2998 | - |
Conditions and restrictions
| Jurisdiction | Food category | Restriction | Comment | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | 4.2.4.1 fruit and vegetable preparations excluding compote | ML 200 mg/kg | only preserves of red fruit | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 8.1 Fresh meat, excluding meat preparations as defined by Regulation (EC) No 853/2004 | quantum satis | only for the purpose of health marking | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 4.2.1 dried fruit and vegetables | ML 200 mg/kg | only preserves of red fruit | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 4.2.2 fruit and vegetables in vinegar oil or brine | ML 200 mg/kg | only preserves of red fruit | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 4.2.4.1 fruit and vegetable preparations excluding compote | ML 200 mg/kg | only preserves of red fruit | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 4.2.3 canned or bottled fruit and vegetables | ML 200 mg/kg | only preserves of red fruit | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 4.2.3 canned or bottled fruit and vegetables | ML 20 mg/kg | only processed mushy and garden peas (canned) | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 8.1 Fresh meat, excluding meat preparations as defined by Regulation (EC) No 853/2004 | quantum satis | only for the purpose of health marking | EU Food Additives Database |
SOURCE
Codex Alimentarius
Codex GSFA
Codex GSFA Status
Codex Alimentarius GSFA permissions and maximum-use rows.
| Jurisdiction | INS / E-number | Function | Food category | Max level | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 01.1.4 Flavoured fluid milk drinks | 150 mg/kg | Excluding chocolate milk. |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 01.6.2.2 Rind of ripened cheese | 100 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 01.6.5 Cheese analogues | 100 mg/kg | For use in surface treatment only. |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 01.7 Dairy-based desserts (e.g. pudding, fruit or flavoured yoghurt) | 150 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 02.3 Fat emulsions mainly of type oil-in-water, including mixed and/or flavoured products based on fat emulsions | 100 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 02.4 Fat-based desserts excluding dairy-based dessert products of food category 01.7 | 150 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 03.0 Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet | 150 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 04.1.2.11 Fruit fillings for pastries | 250 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 04.1.2.4 Canned or bottled (pasteurized) fruit | 200 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for canned applesauce (CXS 17-1981).; Excluding products conforming to the General standard for canned mixed fruits (CXS 361-2020).;... |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 04.1.2.5 Jams, jellies, marmelades | 200 mg/kg | Except for use at 100 mg/kg in products conforming to the Standard for jams, jellies and marmalades (CXS 296-2009). |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 04.1.2.6 Fruit-based spreads (e.g. chutney) excluding products of food category 04.1.2.5 | 100 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Mango Chutney (CODEX STAN 160-1987). |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 04.1.2.7 Candied fruit | 200 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 04.1.2.8 Fruit preparations, including pulp, purees, fruit toppings and coconut milk | 100 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Aqueous Coconut Products (CODEX STAN 240-2003).; Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Date Paste (CODEX STAN... |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 04.1.2.9 Fruit-based desserts, including fruit-flavoured water-based desserts | 150 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 04.2.2.3 Vegetables (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), and seaweeds in vinegar, oil, brine, or soybean sauce | 500 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Table Olives (CODEX STAN 66-1981).; Excluding products conforming to the General Standard for Edible Fungi and Fungus Products... |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 04.2.2.4 Canned or bottled (pasteurized) or retort pouch vegetables (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), and seaweeds | 200 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the General Standard for Edible Fungi and Fungus Products (CODEX STAN 38-1981).; Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Preserved... |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 04.2.2.6 Vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), seaweed, and nut and seed pulps and preparations (e.g. vegetable desserts and sauces, candied vegetables) other than food category 04.2.2.5 | 100 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the General Standard for Edible Fungi and Fungus Products (CODEX STAN 38-1981).; Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Processed... |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 04.2.2.7 Fermented vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera) and seaweed products, excluding fermented soybean products of food categories 06.8.6, 06.8.7, 12.9.1, 12.9.2.1 and 12.9.2.3 | 100 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the General Standard for Edible Fungi and Fungus Products (CODEX STAN 38-1981).; Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Kimchi (CXS... |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 05.1.3 Cocoa-based spreads, including fillings | 100 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Cocoa Butter (CODEX STAN 86-1981). |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 05.1.4 Cocoa and chocolate products | 100 mg/kg | For use in surface decoration only. |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 05.1.5 Imitation chocolate, chocolate substitute products | 100 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 05.2 Confectionery including hard and soft candy, nougats, etc. other than food categories 05.1, 05.3 and 05.4 | 300 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Codex Regional Standard for Halawa Tehenia (CODEX STAN 309R-211). |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 05.3 Chewing gum | 300 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 05.4 Decorations (e.g. for fine bakery wares), toppings (non-fruit) and sweet sauces | 500 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 06.3 Breakfast cereals, including rolled oats | 200 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 06.5 Cereal and starch based desserts (e.g. rice pudding, tapioca pudding) | 150 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 06.8.1 Soybean-based beverages | 100 mg/kg | For use only in composite/ flavoured soybean beverages and soybean-based beverages conforming to the Regional Standard for Non-Fermented Soybean Products (Asia) (CXS 322R-2015). |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 07.1.1.1 Yeast-leavened breads and specialty breads | 100 mg/kg | Some Codex Members allow the use of additives with sweetener and colour functions in this food category while others limit this food category to products without these additives. |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 07.1.1.2 Soda breads | 100 mg/kg | Some Codex Members allow the use of additives with sweetener and colour functions in this food category while others limit this food category to products without these additives. |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 07.1.2 Crackers, excluding sweet crackers | 100 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 07.1.3 Other ordinary bakery products (e.g. bagels, pita, English muffins) | 100 mg/kg | Some Codex Members allow the use of additives with sweetener and colour functions in this food category while others limit this food category to products without these additives. |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 07.1.4 Bread-type products, including bread stuffing and bread crumbs | 100 mg/kg | Some Codex Members allow the use of additives with sweetener and colour functions in this food category while others limit this food category to products without these additives. |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 07.1.5 Steamed breads and buns | 100 mg/kg | For use in flavoured products only.; Some Codex Members allow the use of additives with sweetener and colour functions in this food category while others limit this food category... |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 07.1.6 Mixes for bread and ordinary bakery wares | 100 mg/kg | Some Codex Members allow the use of additives with sweetener and colour functions in this food category while others limit this food category to products without these additives. |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 07.2 Fine bakery wares (sweet, salty, savoury) and mixes | 200 mg/kg | Some Codex Members allow the use of additives with sweetener and colour functions in this food category while others limit this food category to products without these additives. |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 08.0 Meat and meat products, including poultry and game | 100 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Cooked Cured Pork Shoulder (CODEX STAN 97-1981).; Excluding products conforming to Standard for Luncheon Meat (CODEX STAN... |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 09.1.1 Fresh fish | 300 mg/kg | For use in fish roe only.; For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only.; For use in decoration, stamping, marking or branding the product... |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 09.1.2 Fresh mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | 500 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Live Abalone and for Raw Fresh Chilled or Frozen Abalone for Direct Consumption or for Further Processing (CODEX STAN 312-2013).;... |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 09.2.1 Frozen fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | 500 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Quick Frozen Raw Squid (CODEX STAN 191-1995).; Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Live Abalone and for Raw Fresh... |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 09.2.2 Frozen battered fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | 500 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Quick Frozen Fish Sticks (Fish Fingers), Fish Portions and Fish Fillets – Breaded or in Batter (CODEX STAN 166-1989).; For use in... |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 09.2.3 Frozen minced and creamed fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | 500 mg/kg | For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only. |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 09.2.4.1 Cooked fish and fish products | 100 mg/kg | For non-standardized foods: for use in surimi and fish roe products only. |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 09.2.4.2 Cooked mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | 100 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 09.2.4.3 Fried fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | 500 mg/kg | For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only. |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 09.3.1 Fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms, marinated and/or in jelly | 500 mg/kg | For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only. |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 09.3.2 Fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms, pickled and/or in brine | 500 mg/kg | For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only. |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 09.3.3 Salmon substitutes, caviar, and other fish roe products | 500 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Sturgeon Caviar (CODEX STAN 291-2010). |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 09.4 Fully preserved, including canned or fermented fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | 500 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Canned Finfish (CODEX STAN 119-1981).; Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Canned Salmon (CODEX STAN 3-1981).;... |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 10.1 Fresh eggs | GMP | For use in decoration, stamping, marking or branding the product only. |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 10.4 Egg-based desserts (e.g. custard) | 150 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 12.2.2 Seasonings and condiments | 100 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 12.4 Mustards | 100 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 12.5 Soups and broths | 50 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 12.6 Sauces and like products | 100 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Fish Sauce (CODEX STAN 302-2011). |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 13.3 Dietetic foods intended for special medical purposes (excluding products of food category 13.1) | 50 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Guidelines for Ready to Use Therapeutic Foods (CXG 95-2022). |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 13.4 Dietetic formulae for slimming purposes and weight reduction | 50 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 13.5 Dietetic foods (e.g. supplementary foods for dietary use) excluding products of food categories 13.1 - 13.4 and 13.6 | 300 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 13.6 Food supplements | 300 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 14.1.4 Water-based flavoured drinks, including sport, energy, or electrolyte drinks and particulated drinks | 100 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 133 | Colour | 14.2.2 Cider and perry | 200 mg/kg | - |
SOURCE
JECFA
JECFA ADI
JECFA ADI Values
JECFA ADI records and evaluation years.
| Jurisdiction | Chemical name | JECFA no. | CAS | ADI | ADI upper | Function | Evaluation year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JECFA | BRILLIANT BLUE FCF | - | 3844-45-9 | 0-12.5 mg/kg bw | 12.5 | COLOUR | 2017 |
SOURCE
ingredients
ghs classifications
Cross-Reference to Cosmetics / Chemicals / Pharma
Same-CAS public rows from adjacent Roots verticals where available.
SOURCE
FAQPage JSON-LD
public food renderer rows
Frequently Asked Questions
Food-use, safety, ADI, and cross-vertical answers mirrored into FAQPage JSON-LD.
What is FD&C Blue No. 1 used for in food?
FD&C Blue No. 1 appears in food-use rows as: Food colorant; Colour.
Is FD&C Blue No. 1 / E133 safe?
This page does not assign a standalone safety verdict; it renders public regulatory evidence. ADI/reference value: ADI 6 mg/kg bw/day. EU status evidence: PUBLISHED. US/FDA evidence: Approved; FDA voluntary phase-out plan by end 2026 (Apr 2025).
What is the ADI for FD&C Blue No. 1?
FD&C Blue No. 1 has this ADI/reference value in the food-safety tables: ADI 6 mg/kg bw/day. Source: food_substances.
Is FD&C Blue No. 1 also used in cosmetics?
FD&C Blue No. 1 has a same-CAS cosmetics cross-reference: FD&C Blue No. 1 (CI 42090), EU status permitted.